大学英语四、六级网考实施过程中的思考

大学英语四、六级网考在提升考试组织效率、改进考试效度和信度、减少考试作弊等方面有着技术上的优势,是一项很有发展前景的大规模标准化语言水平测试。而考试实施中遇到的高校硬件设施、网考题库建设、考生的畏惧心理等问题制约了网考发展。只有在解决这些问题的基础上,网考才有可能得到更大面积的推广。     

Effect of particle size on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of hydroxyethyl diphosphate modified aluminum hydroxide intrinsic polyethylene terephthalate

Organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant was obtained by modifying aluminum hydroxide with different particle size with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The structure of the organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, while ¹H-NMR spectroscopy only characterizes specific samples. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion of UL-94 and cone calorimeter. The results show that the modified 10 μm aluminum hydroxide has a better effect than the 25 μm aluminum hydroxide and 100 nm aluminum hydroxide. Compared with pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the LOI value of the best sample is increased by 24.4%, and UL-94 V reaches V-0 level. Heat release rate, total heat release rate, and carbon monoxide production rate decreased by 45.8%, 33.2%, and 41.5%, respectively, compared to pure PET. The results showed that the aluminum hydroxide with a particle size of 10 μm exhibited the best flame retardant effect, which could be attributed to the decomposition of organic phosphoric acid and the dehydration of aluminum hydroxide, yielding a higher amount of residual carbon.     

Binary polymer blend of ArPTU/PI with advanced comprehensive dielectric properties and ultra-high thermally stability

Flexible high-temperature polymeric dielectrics with advanced dielectric properties are urgently demanded in various applications. In this work, series of polymer blend films were prepared from aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) and polyimide (PI). The experimental results revealed that the blend films were properly engineered to achieve higher breakdown strength, greater dielectric constant, and larger energy density than pure PI film. For instance, the optimum property was obtained from the blend film with 10 wt% ArPTU, exhibiting prominent dielectric properties (K = 4.52, E_b = 443 MV/m), enhanced energy density (4.00 J/cm³) as well as excellent heat resistance (T_g = 419°C). In addition, stable dielectric properties at broad temperature range from −50 to 250°C were also acquired. It is deduced that the good compatibility from ArPTU and PI with similar polarity are responsible for the improved properties. The superior comprehensive properties which combine the advantages of ArPTU and PI suggest the potential applications of ArPTU/PI blend film in high-temperature dielectric areas.     

Influence of deposited amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 in polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes applied for separation of water in oil emulsions

Among several oil/water emulsion separation technologies, the utilization of nanoparticle-decorated membranes with diverse functionalities has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly if the antifouling capacity can be improved. In this article, we propose a new membrane based on surface-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes and/or decorated with amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 nanoparticles to be used as oil/water emulsion separation treatment and to determine their antifouling ability. X-Ray photoelectron spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and toluidine blue O assay, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements for oil under water and thermogravimetry were used for characterizing the membranes and an assay of permeability was developed to quantify the diffusion of oil molecules across the electrospun membrane. The electrospun and/or decorated membranes showed an underwater oleophobic wettability, which can separate oil-in-water emulsions with 87% separation efficiency, results of fouling experiments, evaluated in terms of rejection and flux recovery ratio, exhibited good antifouling ability, but the membrane decoration process did not lead to superior outcomes compared with undecorated membranes.     

SiC逆变器高频脉冲电压对Hairpin绕组绝缘安全的影响分析

针对碳化硅(SiC)逆变器高频高dv/dt脉冲激励下的Hairpin绕组高电应力容易造成绝缘损伤的问题,该文对一台电动汽车用Hairpin绕组永磁同步电机进行了绕组匝间绝缘的电压应力计算与安全分析.首先,提出考虑双导体边耦合效应的Hairpin绕组单匝线圈高频等效电路模型,提取电机绕组的高频分布参数,并基于场路耦合有限元方法建立Hairpin绕组的匝间电压计算模型;然后,得到SiC逆变器驱动下的绕组匝间绝缘电压应力,利用绕组匝间电压测试平台验证了模型与分析方法的正确性;最后,分析了不同匝间电压幅值、绝缘厚度、材料相对介电常数、匝间气隙长度等对气隙电场分布线的影响规律,以气隙电场分布线与Paschen曲线的关系为判据,给出了一种判断绕组绝缘是否发生放电的方法.     

Enginered Interfaces for Adherent Coatings

ＥｎｇｉｎｅｒｅｄＩｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅｓｆｏｒＡｄｈｅｒｅｎｔＣｏａｔｉｎｇｓＨｏｕＱｉｎｇｒｕｎａｎｄＧａｏＪｕ（侯清润）（高炬）ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＴｈｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ，ＰｏｋｆｕｌａｍＲｏａｄ，Ｈｏｎ...     

一种钛合金冷拉伸用润滑涂层研制

采用化学方法研制出1种新的冷拔用润滑剂涂层，该表面涂层与钛基材结合力强，表面呈灰色，主要成分为Na3TiOF5。该涂层与石墨乳和二硫化钼混合配套使用可大大减小拉伸摩擦阻力，提高钛材表面质量。     

热沉影响钛合金薄板焊接残余应力的试验分析

采用切条应力释放法测量了钛合金TC4薄板常规钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)和动态控制低应力无变形GTAW对接试件中的纵向残余应力和纵向残余塑性应变的分布。测量结果表明,钛合金常规GTAW缝中残余拉应力峰值小于其母材屈服强度,焊缝附近存在残余压缩塑性应变;动态控制低应力无变形GTAW焊技术中热沉的冷却作用使得热源与热沉之间的高温金属承受强烈的拉伸作用,产生拉伸塑性变形,部分抵消了焊接过程中已产生的缩短的塑性变形,使得试件中纵向残余塑性应变减小,焊接残余拉应力峰值降低,残余压应力水平降低。切条应力释放法是一种简便有效的薄板焊后残余应力测量方法,能够满足工程应用的精度要求。     

阴极保护用阳极

介绍了牺牲阳极材料中镁基、锌基、铝基阳极的化学成分和性能特点，以及多种外加电流阴极保护用阳极材料的特点。通过对石墨阳极、高硅铸铁阳极和铅银合金阳极、镀铂阳极和混合金属氧化物阳极的性能比较，认为混合金属氧化物阳极是最为理想和最有前途的辅助阳极材料。     

基于ProCAST的消失模铸造工艺的数值模拟研究

运用ProAST软件对链轮铸钢件的消失模铸造工艺进行了充型和凝固过程的数值模拟评价,分析了缺陷产生的原因,对铸造工艺进行了优化,并结合实际生产情况,给出了影响消失模铸造的六大基本因素。