库车山前致密砂岩储层深度伤害后改造措施探究

对深度伤害的致密砂岩储层,先后尝试了酸压、重晶石解堵和加砂压裂3种改造措施。研究表明,酸压改造不能突破深度污染带,不能恢复气井产能;重晶石解堵作业只针对储层的重晶石堵塞有用,但作用能力和范围有限;加砂压裂能突破深度污染带,沟通远端天然裂缝,使气井恢复产能,压裂后日产气20.4×10~4m~3。     

In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Particulate pollution has raised serious concerns regarding its potential impacts on human health in developing countries. However, much less attention has been paid to the threat of haze particles to machinery and industry. By employing a state-of-the-art in situ scanning electron microscope compression testing technique, we demonstrate that iron-rich and fly ash haze particles, which account for nearly 70% of the total micron-sized spherical haze particles, are strong enough to generate abrasive damage to most engineering alloys, and therefore can generate significant scratch damage to moving contacting surfaces in high precision machineries. Our finding calls for preventive measures to protect against haze related threat.     

Multiple k-hop clusters based routing scheme to preserve source-location privacy in WSNs

Privacy is becoming one of the most notable challenges threatening wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. Adversaries may use RF （radio frequency） localization techniques to perform hop-by-hop trace back to the source sensor＇s location. A multiple k-hop clusters based routing strategy （MHCR） is proposed to preserve source-location privacy as well as enhance energy efficiency for WSNs. Owing to the inherent characteristics of intra-cluster data aggregation, each sensor of the interference clusters is able to act as a fake source to confuse the adversary. Moreover, dummy traffic could be filtered efficiently by the cluster heads during the data aggregation, ensuring no energy consumption be burdened in the hotspot of the network. Through careful analysis and calculation on the distribution and the number of interference clusters, energy efficiency is significantly enhanced without reducing the network lifetime. Finally, the security and delay performance of MHCR scheme are theoretically analyzed. Extensive analysis and simulation results demonstrate that MHCR scheme can improve both the location privacy security and energy efficiency markedly, especially in large-scale WSNs.     

大学英语四、六级网考实施过程中的思考

大学英语四、六级网考在提升考试组织效率、改进考试效度和信度、减少考试作弊等方面有着技术上的优势,是一项很有发展前景的大规模标准化语言水平测试。而考试实施中遇到的高校硬件设施、网考题库建设、考生的畏惧心理等问题制约了网考发展。只有在解决这些问题的基础上,网考才有可能得到更大面积的推广。     

Effect of particle size on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of hydroxyethyl diphosphate modified aluminum hydroxide intrinsic polyethylene terephthalate

Organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant was obtained by modifying aluminum hydroxide with different particle size with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The structure of the organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, while ¹H-NMR spectroscopy only characterizes specific samples. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion of UL-94 and cone calorimeter. The results show that the modified 10 μm aluminum hydroxide has a better effect than the 25 μm aluminum hydroxide and 100 nm aluminum hydroxide. Compared with pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the LOI value of the best sample is increased by 24.4%, and UL-94 V reaches V-0 level. Heat release rate, total heat release rate, and carbon monoxide production rate decreased by 45.8%, 33.2%, and 41.5%, respectively, compared to pure PET. The results showed that the aluminum hydroxide with a particle size of 10 μm exhibited the best flame retardant effect, which could be attributed to the decomposition of organic phosphoric acid and the dehydration of aluminum hydroxide, yielding a higher amount of residual carbon.     

Binary polymer blend of ArPTU/PI with advanced comprehensive dielectric properties and ultra-high thermally stability

Flexible high-temperature polymeric dielectrics with advanced dielectric properties are urgently demanded in various applications. In this work, series of polymer blend films were prepared from aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) and polyimide (PI). The experimental results revealed that the blend films were properly engineered to achieve higher breakdown strength, greater dielectric constant, and larger energy density than pure PI film. For instance, the optimum property was obtained from the blend film with 10 wt% ArPTU, exhibiting prominent dielectric properties (K = 4.52, E_b = 443 MV/m), enhanced energy density (4.00 J/cm³) as well as excellent heat resistance (T_g = 419°C). In addition, stable dielectric properties at broad temperature range from −50 to 250°C were also acquired. It is deduced that the good compatibility from ArPTU and PI with similar polarity are responsible for the improved properties. The superior comprehensive properties which combine the advantages of ArPTU and PI suggest the potential applications of ArPTU/PI blend film in high-temperature dielectric areas.     

Influence of deposited amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 in polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes applied for separation of water in oil emulsions

Among several oil/water emulsion separation technologies, the utilization of nanoparticle-decorated membranes with diverse functionalities has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly if the antifouling capacity can be improved. In this article, we propose a new membrane based on surface-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes and/or decorated with amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 nanoparticles to be used as oil/water emulsion separation treatment and to determine their antifouling ability. X-Ray photoelectron spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and toluidine blue O assay, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements for oil under water and thermogravimetry were used for characterizing the membranes and an assay of permeability was developed to quantify the diffusion of oil molecules across the electrospun membrane. The electrospun and/or decorated membranes showed an underwater oleophobic wettability, which can separate oil-in-water emulsions with 87% separation efficiency, results of fouling experiments, evaluated in terms of rejection and flux recovery ratio, exhibited good antifouling ability, but the membrane decoration process did not lead to superior outcomes compared with undecorated membranes.     

SiC逆变器高频脉冲电压对Hairpin绕组绝缘安全的影响分析

针对碳化硅(SiC)逆变器高频高dv/dt脉冲激励下的Hairpin绕组高电应力容易造成绝缘损伤的问题,该文对一台电动汽车用Hairpin绕组永磁同步电机进行了绕组匝间绝缘的电压应力计算与安全分析.首先,提出考虑双导体边耦合效应的Hairpin绕组单匝线圈高频等效电路模型,提取电机绕组的高频分布参数,并基于场路耦合有限元方法建立Hairpin绕组的匝间电压计算模型;然后,得到SiC逆变器驱动下的绕组匝间绝缘电压应力,利用绕组匝间电压测试平台验证了模型与分析方法的正确性;最后,分析了不同匝间电压幅值、绝缘厚度、材料相对介电常数、匝间气隙长度等对气隙电场分布线的影响规律,以气隙电场分布线与Paschen曲线的关系为判据,给出了一种判断绕组绝缘是否发生放电的方法.     

Enginered Interfaces for Adherent Coatings

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一种钛合金冷拉伸用润滑涂层研制

采用化学方法研制出1种新的冷拔用润滑剂涂层，该表面涂层与钛基材结合力强，表面呈灰色，主要成分为Na3TiOF5。该涂层与石墨乳和二硫化钼混合配套使用可大大减小拉伸摩擦阻力，提高钛材表面质量。