Ligand distributions in agarose particles as determined by confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy

Confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy have been used to analyze ligand distributions within individual chromatographic adsorbent particles. Three different types of particles have been investigated. The first type was synthesized to have a uniform distribution of allyl groups, whereas the two others were designed to have a surface layer of sulphopropyl groups and cores containing allyl groups and dextran, respectively. With confocal Raman spectroscopy it was possible to follow the distribution of both the surface layer and the interior. The distribution of sulphopropyl groups was evaluated with both confocal scanning laser microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy, whereas the distributions of allyl groups and dextran were evaluated only with the latter method. The results from the confocal measurements showed the expected result with a uniform distribution of allyl groups in the first type of particle and surface layers of sulphopropyl groups and cores with dextran or allyl groups for the two others.     

Influence of nonlinearities on the frequency response of agrid-connected vector-controlled VSC

In this paper, the small-signal performance of different vector controllers for grid-connected voltage-source converters is investigated. Losses in the line filter, as well as nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves, are usually not modeled in the evaluation of the performance of control principles. A method to compensate for nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves is implemented. Furthermore, the influence of the compensation principle on the performance of traditional deadbeat controllers is shown in measured frequency responses. The compensation method reduces the cross-coupling gain and improves the direct-coupling gain. To show the influence of nonlinearities, measured frequency responses are compared with responses obtained from analytical models. At high frequencies, the frequency-dependent losses in the line filter should be taken into account to predict the dynamic performance correctly     

Insights on Ceramics as Dental Materials. Part II: Chemical Surface Treatments

The purpose of surface treatment (conditioning) methods on dental ceramics is to improve the retention and bonding between the enamel or the dentin and ceramic veneer, with the help of resin composite luting cements. These types of surface treatments include chemically altering the surface of ceramics with some specific acidic etchants followed by applying a silane coupling agent (silane). The silane currently used in dentistry is 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, a hybrid organic–inorganic trialkoxy ester monomer, which is diluted in an acidified water-ethanol solvent system. Such silane primers are said to be pre-hydrolyzed. Some oxide ceramics with high crystalline content, such as alumina and zirconia, cannot be easily etched with acid etchants. They should be silica-coated and silanized prior to bonding. A silane coupling agent should be applied after silica-coating to the ceramic surface to achieve chemical bonding and the optimal durable bond strength.     

Enhancing personal communication with spatial haptics: Two scenario-based experiments on gestural interaction

Haptic gestures and sensations through the sense of touch are currently unavailable in remote communication. There are two main reasons for this: good quality haptic technology has not been widely available and knowledge on the use of this technology is limited. To address these challenges, we studied how users would like to, and managed to create spatial haptic information by gesturing. Two separate scenario-based experiments were carried out: an observation study without technological limitations, and a study on gesturing with a functional prototype with haptic actuators. The first study found three different use strategies for the device. The most common gestures were shaking, smoothing and tapping. Multimodality was requested to create the context for the communication and to aid the interpretation of haptic stimuli. The second study showed that users were able to utilize spatiality in haptic messages (e.g., forward–backward gesture for agreement). However, challenges remain in presenting more complex information via remote haptic communication. The results give guidance for communication activities that are usable in spatial haptic communication, and how to make it possible to enable this form of communication in reality.     

The behavioral effects of sugar: A comment on Buchanan.

Contends that studies undertaken to systematically examine the effects of sugar ingestion on the behavior of both hyperactive and normal children have failed to document any consistent adverse effects that would justify S. Buchanan's (see record 1985-25856-001) labeling of sugar as a toxin. It is suggested that unsupported statements do much to reinforce the fears of both parents and professionals, at the expense of reason. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of number of views to the viewing experience with autostereoscopic 3‐D displays

Abstract— The observers' 3‐D viewing experience when the way the content is created and shown on an autostereoscopic 3‐D display alternate is evaluated. The observer's depth impression, and the perceived contour accuracy and image naturalness or peskiness of the content shown on a 3‐D display, has been investigated. In addition, the consequences of the way the content is created to the results from the optical characterization for the same display have been studied. The alternation of the content was realized in two different ways. Firstly, the number of views for creating the image was varied. Two, five, and 14 views were used; the main focus being on testing the same display and treating it as an ordinary two‐view and a 14‐view display with inter‐sub‐view crosstalk. Also, the intermediate condition where five views with non‐uniform view‐specific crosstalk were used has been investigated. Secondly, the way the content is created was varied by using images with computer‐generated content and photos. The effect of these parameters on viewing experience as such and especially the effect of 3‐D crosstalk on the viewing experience were studied.     

A novel integrated optics wavelength filter in InGaAsP-InP

An InGaAsP-InP integrated optics wavelength selective device is proposed and demonstrated. It utilizes coupling between epitaxial layers with different refractive indices and thicknesses. The device is suitable for integration to form, e.g., a monolithic receiver for wavelength division multiplexed optical communication systems. Design considerations are given. The filter bandwidth and center wavelength can be freely chosen, and bandwidths as narrow as 1.5 nm at 1.3 or 1.55 μm center wavelength are shown feasible. Electrical tuning is possible. Experimental filters show that devices can he fabricated with performance in good agreement with theory, The 22-nm -3-dB bandwidth at 1.12-μm center wavelength presently demonstrated is limited by the measurement system.     

Roll forming of partially heated cold rolled stainless steel

Today you will find roll formed details in many different products, for example buildings, household appliances and vehicles. The industry, in order to save weight, tends to use more and more high strength steel. The disadvantage with these materials is that they can be difficult to form due to reduced ductility. A way to increase the ductility in the forming areas is by partially heat the steel.It is shown that partial heating substantially increases the ductility of high strength steel and make it possible to roll form large bend angles. When roll forming, the material will work hardening almost to the as-received condition in the outer and inner radius of the roll formed profile. Furthermore, the heating power decides the bend angle obtained. Finally, the mechanical properties after heating and roll forming are discussed.