A Review about Thermal Comfort in Aircraft

Thermal comfort is an important factor which affects both work efficiency and life quality. On the basis of satisfying the normal life of the crew and reliable work of equipment, the thermal comfort is increasingly pursued through the design of the environmental control system of modern craft. Thus, a comprehensive survey of the thermal comfort in the cockpit is carried out. First of all, factors affecting the thermal comfort in aircraft cabin are summarized, including low relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, colored light, human metabolic rate and gender, among which the first three factors are environmental factors and the other two are human factors. Although noise is not a factor affecting thermal comfort, it is an important factor in the overall satisfaction of the aircraft cabin environment. Then the thermal comfort prediction models are introduced, including thermal comfort models suitable for steady state uniform environment and thermal comfort models suitable for transient non-uniform environment. Then the limitations of the typical thermal comfort models applied to aircraft are discussed. Since the concept of thermal adaptation has been gradually accepted in recent years, many field studies on thermal adaptation have been carried out. Therefore, the adaptive thermal comfort models are summarized and analyzed systematically in this paper. At present, mixing ventilation(MV) system is widely used in most commercial aircraft. However, the air quality under the MV system is very poor, and contaminants cannot be effectively eliminated. So a noticeable shift is the design of ventilation system for cabin drawing lessons from the surface buildings. Currently, the most interesting question is that whether the traditional mixing ventilation(MV) system in an aircraft can be replaced by or combined with displacement ventilation(DV) system without decreasing thermal comfort. A reduction of energy consumption is a valuable gain. Additionally, various seat personalized ventilation systems have also been proposed which could effectively reduce the risk of infectious diseases. At present, optimal design of airflow in aircraft cabin is the most commonly used method to enhance thermal comfort and save energy. The optimal design of the aircraft cabin colored lighting system, however, is also worth trying.     

Selective Synthesis of Perillyl Alcohol from β-Pinene Epoxide over Ti and Mo Supported Catalysts

Catalysis Letters - Isomerization of β-pinene epoxide to perillyl alcohol using several materials based on titanium and molybdenum is reported. The metals were incorporated on SBA-15, MCM-41...     

Continuous biohydrogen production by a degenerated strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

Degenerated strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum lack the ability to produce solvents and to sporulate, allowing the continuous production of hydrogen and organic acids. A degenerated strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum was obtained through successive batch cultures. Its kinetic characterization showed a similar specific growth rate than the wild type (0.25 h^?1), a higher butyric acid production of 6.8 g·L^?1 and no solvents production. A steady state was reached in a continuous culture at a dilution rate of 0.1 h^?1, with a constant hydrogen production of 507 mL·h^?1, corresponding to a volumetric rate of 6.10 L·L^?1 d^?1, and a yield of 2.39 mol of H₂ per mole of glucose which represents 60% of the theoretical maximum yield. These results suggest that the degeneration is an interesting alternative for hydrogen production with this strain, obtaining a high hydrogen production in a continuous culture with cells in a permanent acidogenic state.     

车轮轮辐中心孔翻边模具设计

在分析车轮轮辐中心孔翻边工艺基础上，设计了中心孔翻边模，并介绍模具结构特点。     

Description of the intensive care unit. Hospital de Leon (Leon)

Sirenomelia or the mermaid syndrome is a rare birth defect, often combined with severe malformations of the urogenital system and the lower gastrointestinal tract. The incidence is about one case in 60,000. Ultrasound can be very important in early detection of this deformity. Because of the high incidence of oligohydramnios amnioninfusion could be helpful. Also a magnetic resonance radiographia in the prenatal period could be performed. We report three cases of sirenomelia and in addition the literature is reviewed and discussed.     

Use of ceramic industry milling and glazing waste as an active addition in cement

The beneficial effects of pozzolans on cement manufacture have encouraged their use in that industry. Traditional natural pozzolan have become less available of late, however, due to a decline in quarrying intensity aimed at minimizing the impact on the landscape. At the same time, environmental policies pursue the reduction or elimination of spoil heaps by valorizing industrial waste and by‐products as raw materials, in keeping with the principles of the circular economy. The quest for new types of waste and by‐products with pozzolanic properties has consequently become a priority line of research. This study explored the valorization of one such by‐product, the ceramic sludge resulting from fired clay industry milling and glazing, as a component in new, more eco‐sustainable cements. The sludge was characterized physically, chemically, morphologically, and mineralogically to determine its suitability as a pozzolanic addition in cement. The findings showed that ceramic sludge consists in clustered particles ranging in size from 100 μm to 1 μm. SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ together comprise over 70% of the total composition, while the reactive silica content is greater than the 25% required by the existing legislation. The predominant minerals are quartz, kaolinite, and muscovite, with some zircon. A study of pozzolanic reaction kinetics in the ceramic sludge/lime system revealed that over time this waste can fix lime, generating products such as calcium aluminate hydrates and C–S–H gels. The cements made with ceramic sludge proved to be standard‐compliant in terms of water demand, setting, drying shrinkage and mechanical strength.     

Dual-rate sampled-data systems. Some interesting consequences from its frequency response analysis

The main goal of this contribution is to introduce a new procedure in order to analyse properly SISO dual-rate systems (DRS) and to provide straightforward answers to some common general questions about this kind of systems. Frequency response analysis based on DRS lifting modelling can lead to interesting results about stability margins or performance prediction. As a novelty, it is explained how to understand DRS frequency response and how to handle it for an easy computation of magnitude and phase margins keeping classical frequency domain methods. There are also some repetitive questions about DRS that can be analysed and answered properly using the results from this contribution: what the optimum relation between sampling periods is or what effects does delay have in a DRS. Every step is illustrated with examples that should clarify the understanding of the text.     

From Big to Smart Data: Iterative ensemble filter for noise filtering in Big Data classification

The quality of the data is directly related to the quality of the models drawn from that data. For that reason, many research is devoted to improve the quality of the data and to amend errors that it may contain. One of the most common problems is the presence of noise in classification tasks, where noise refers to the incorrect labeling of training instances. This problem is very disruptive, as it changes the decision boundaries of the problem. Big Data problems pose a new challenge in terms of quality data due to the massive and unsupervised accumulation of data. This Big Data scenario also brings new problems to classic data preprocessing algorithms, as they are not prepared for working with such amounts of data, and these algorithms are key to move from Big to Smart Data. In this paper, an iterative ensemble filter for removing noisy instances in Big Data scenarios is proposed. Experiments carried out in six Big Data datasets have shown that our noise filter outperforms the current state-of-the-art noise filter in Big Data domains. It has also proved to be an effective solution for transforming raw Big Data into Smart Data.     

New distributed virtual TV set architecture for a synergistic operation of sensors and improved interaction between real and virtual worlds

A virtual TV set is a studio that is able to combine recorded actors and objects with computer generated virtual environments in real time. In order to achieve this combination seamlessly, in an ideal configuration, several elements such as cameras, objects and people should be tracked so that all their actions on the stage have a corresponding effect in the virtual world. However, in the actual professional virtual TV sets, the tracking possibilities are quite limited because of the hardware and software architecture used, which has not had a major evolution since the first prototypes presented in the nineties. This traditional architecture uses to be rigid, including just one monolithic tracking system and low levels of interactivity. In this paper, a new distributed, flexible and scalable hardware and software architecture that allows the inclusion of multiple kinds of devices in parallel is introduced. It breaks with the traditional structure of the virtual TV sets, opening the technology to an easier inclusion of new devices without the need of updating the proprietary software of the set, thus facilitating its future evolution. The design, implementation and test of this architecture, through the adaptation of a traditional virtual TV set, is presented. The tests are developed through the inclusion of modern devices (in our case Optitrack infrared cameras, Microsoft Kinect V2 and Leap Motion) that, through a synergistic operation, allow the system to solve some traditional drawbacks of this technology such as free and multiple object and camera tracking, presenter natural interaction and automatic distance keying.     

Designing a goal-oriented smart-home environment

Nowadays, systems are growing in power and in access to more resources and services. This situation makes it necessary to provide user-centered systems that act as intelligent assistants. These systems should be able to interact in a natural way with human users and the environment and also be able to take into account user goals and environment information and changes. In this paper, we present an architecture for the design and development of a goal-oriented, self-adaptive, smart-home environment. With this architecture, users are able to interact with the system by expressing their goals which are translated into a set of agent actions in a way that is transparent to the user. This is especially appropriate for environments where ambient intelligence and automatic control are integrated for the user’s welfare. In order to validate this proposal, we designed a prototype based on the proposed architecture for smart-home scenarios. We also performed a set of experiments that shows how the proposed architecture for human-agent interaction increases the number and quality of user goals achieved.