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71.
Understanding semantic word shifts in scientific domains is essential for facilitating interdisciplinary communication. Using a data set of published papers in the field of information retrieval (IR), this paper studies the semantic shifts of words in IR based on mining per-word topic distribution over time. We propose that semantic word shifts not only occur over time, but also over topics. The shifts are examined from two perspectives, the topic-level and the context-level. According to the over-time word-topic distribution, stable words and unstable words are recognized. The diverging and converging trends in the unstable type reveal characteristics of the topic evolution process. The context-level shifts are further detected by similarities between word vectors. Our work associates semantic word shifts with the evolving of topics, which facilitates a better understanding of semantic word shifts from both topics and contexts. 相似文献
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Han Yan Gu Yi Chen Lei Li Bing Liu Xiang Ming Chen 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2020,17(2):790-796
SrLa[Ga1−x(R0.5Ti0.5)x]O4 (R = Mg, Zn) ceramics were prepared by a standard solid state sintering method. The single-phase ceramics with K2NiF4-type layered perovskite structure and I4/mmm space group were obtained, indicating that SrLa(R0.5Ti0.5) and SrLaGaO4 can form the unlimited solid solutions. With increasing x for R = Mg and Zn, εr increases monotonously, the Qf value first increases and then decreases, while τf increases from a negative to a positive value. The optimized microwave dielectric properties were obtained as following: εr = 23.3, Qf = 89 400 GHz, τf = −0.8 ppm/°C for SrLa[Ga0.6(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.4]O4 and εr = 23.3, Qf = 76 200 GHz, τf = 0.2 ppm/°C for SrLa[Ga0.7(Zn0.5Ti0.5)0.3]O4, indicating that the present solid solution ceramics are the promising candidates as microwave resonator materials for the telecommunication applications. 相似文献
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Mani Balamurugan Hui‐Yun Jeong Venkata Surya Kumar Choutipalli Jung Sug Hong Hongmin Seo Natarajan Saravanan Jun Ho Jang Kang‐Gyu Lee Yoon Ho Lee Sang Won Im Venkatesan Subramanian Sun Hee Kim Ki Tae Nam 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,16(25)
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to hydrocarbons is a challenging task because of the issues in controlling the efficiency and selectivity of the products. Among the various transition metals, copper has attracted attention as it yields more reduced and C2 products even while using mononuclear copper center as catalysts. In addition, it is found that reversible formation of copper nanoparticle acts as the real catalytically active site for the conversion of CO2 to reduced products. Here, it is demonstrated that the dinuclear molecular copper complex immobilized over graphitized mesoporous carbon can act as catalysts for the conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons (methane and ethylene) up to 60%. Interestingly, high selectivity toward C2 product (40% faradaic efficiency) is achieved by a molecular complex based hybrid material from CO2 in 0.1 m KCl. In addition, the role of local pH, porous structure, and carbon support in limiting the mass transport to achieve the highly reduced products is demonstrated. Although the spectroscopic analysis of the catalysts exhibits molecular nature of the complex after 2 h bulk electrolysis, morphological study reveals that the newly generated copper cluster is the real active site during the catalytic reactions. 相似文献
76.
Ohsaki Makoto Fujiwara Jun Takeda Fumiyoshi 《International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design》2020,16(4):883-896
International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design - A simple iterative method is presented for cutting pattern optimization of frame-supported and pneumatic membrane structures for... 相似文献
77.
Semiconductors - The performance of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cells with five different Si-doping concentrations, namely 0, 4 × 1017 cm–3, 1 × 1018 cm–3, 3... 相似文献
78.
Hai Huang Haichao An Haibo Ma Shenyan Chen 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2019,117(3):291-315
This work presents an engineering method for optimizing structures made of bars, beams, plates, or a combination of those components. Corresponding problems involve both continuous (size) and discrete (topology) variables. Using a branched multipoint approximate function, which involves such mixed variables, a series of sequential approximate problems are constructed to make the primal problem explicit. To solve the approximate problems, genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to optimize discrete variables, and when calculating individual fitness values in GA, a second-level approximate problem only involving retained continuous variables is built to optimize continuous variables. The solution to the second-level approximate problem can be easily obtained with dual methods. Structural analyses are only needed before improving the branched approximate functions in the iteration cycles. The method aims at optimal design of discrete structures consisting of bars, beams, plates, or other components. Numerical examples are given to illustrate its effectiveness, including frame topology optimization, layout optimization of stiffeners modeled with beams or shells, concurrent layout optimization of beam and shell components, and an application in a microsatellite structure. Optimization results show that the number of structural analyses is dramatically decreased when compared with pure GA while even comparable to pure sizing optimization. 相似文献
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