A novel approach for fit analysis of thermal protective clothing using three-dimensional body scanning

The garment fit played an important role in protective performance, comfort and mobility. The purpose of this study is to quantify the air gap to quantitatively characterize a three-dimensional (3-D) garment fit using a 3-D body scanning technique. A method for processing of scanned data was developed to investigate the air gap size and distribution between the clothing and human body. The mesh model formed from nude and clothed body was aligned, superimposed and sectioned using Rapidform software. The air gap size and distribution over the body surface were analyzed. The total air volume was also calculated. The effects of fabric properties and garment size on air gap distribution were explored. The results indicated that average air gap of the fit clothing was around 25–30 mm and the overall air gap distribution was similar. The air gap was unevenly distributed over the body and it was strongly associated with the body parts, fabric properties and garment size. The research will help understand the overall clothing fit and its association with protection, thermal and movement comfort, and provide guidelines for clothing engineers to improve thermal performance and reduce physiological burden.     

Non-existence of finite-time stable equilibria in fractional-order nonlinear systems

We note that in the literature it is often taken for granted that for fractional-order system without delays, whenever the system trajectory reaches the equilibrium, it will stay there. In fact, this is the well-known phenomenon of finite-time stability. However, in this paper, we will prove that for fractional-order nonlinear system described by Caputo’s or Riemann–Liouville’s definition, any equilibrium cannot be finite-time stable as long as the continuous solution corresponding to the initial value problem globally exists. In addition, some examples of stability analysis are revisited and linear Lyapunov function is used to prove the asymptotic stability of positive fractional-order nonlinear systems.     

AlCl3/活性炭催化甲基三氯硅烷与低沸物再分配反应研究

甲基三氯硅烷(M1)与低沸物(LBR)是工业上"直接法"生产二甲基二氯硅烷单体过程中产生的副产物,两者之间通过再分配反应可转化为高价值的有机硅单体.以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍蒸发煅烧法制备了负载型AlCl3固体酸催化剂,在固定床反应器中进行甲基三氯硅烷与低沸物的再分配反应,制得二甲基二氯硅烷和三甲基氯硅烷.考察了活性炭载体预处理方式及反应条件对再分配反应的影响.结果表明,经过高温扩孔处理的活性炭载体负载的AlCl3催化剂具有较好的反应活性;优化的反应条件为:W(M1/LBR)为2.0～3.0,反应温度为310℃,LHSV为1.5 h-1;该催化剂的制备过程简单,催化反应条件温和且表现出良好的催化稳定性.     

光伏提水技术在雷州半岛抗旱中应用的可行性探讨

干旱缺水问题一直制约着雷州半岛农业和社会经济的发展,对此省、市、县各级政府高度重视,2011年《全国抗旱规划》将徐闻县和雷州市列为全国严重受旱县,因此,如何采取有效的抗旱措施、探索适宜的抗旱途径是水利工作者的责任和使命。该文通过分析雷州半岛干旱原因、近年来采取的抗旱措施及存在的问题,提出了光伏提水技术在雷州半岛应用的设想,并以徐闻县为例分析了光伏提水系统应用的技术和经济可行性及应用于灌溉的可靠性,对于解决雷州半岛农业干旱问题具有广阔的发展前景。     

多官能度聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成及性能研究

采取两步法合成了高官能度聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,用实时红外光谱研究了多官能度聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的光聚合动力学,并研究了多官能度聚氨酯丙烯酸酯与其它单体配方的机械性能。研究发现随着丙烯酸官能度的增多,双键转化率也随之降低;官能度的增加会提高漆膜的硬度。     

Effect of the matrix crystallinity on the percolation threshold and dielectric behavior in percolative composites

Through the use of polyethylenes with different crystallinities as matrices, the effects of the matrix crystallinity on the percolation threshold and dielectric behavior of percolative composites have been investigated. The results suggest that the percolation threshold is negatively related to the matrix crystallinity, whereas the enhancement of the dielectric constant is positively related to the matrix crystallinity. A two‐dimensional diagram is proposed to illustrate such relationships. In addition, it has been found that the insulator–conductor transition is much flatter in low‐crystallinity‐matrix‐based composites, and this may be favorable for preparing threshold composites with a high dielectric constant and a low loss tangent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

PET/纳米TiO2复合材料松弛行为的研究

以PET/纳米TiO2复合材料为对象,采用TMA、DMTA等手段,从分子运动的角度对该复合体系的松弛行为进行了研究.结果表明,纳米粒子在聚合物基体中与分子链通过物理或化学作用限制分子链的运动与松弛.体现在复合体系的温度-形变谱图中,随纳米TiO2含量的增加,玻璃化转变提前,橡胶平台降低,黏流温度升高.在温度黏弹谱中,与纯PET相比PET/纳米TiO2复合体系的嶙a变提前,储能模量增加,低温下损耗模量也有所增加.     

新型层状表面相锆基固体酸催化酯化反应研究

将所研制的层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂用于一元、二元醇醋酸酯和其他羧酸酯类产品的合成 ,考察了其催化性能。研究发现 :层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂对所考察的酯化反应具有很好的普遍适用性 ,但其酯化率与醇的性质和结构密切有关。催化反应动力学研究表明乙酸与丁醇、戊醇、己醇的酯化反应均为二级反应 ,且反应活化能均较低 ,分别为 47 4kJ/mol、2 3 3kJ/mol和 19 8kJ/mo     

水力旋流分离器在含聚合物污水处理中的试验研究

水力旋流分离器是近年来新发展起来的一种新的油水分离设备,它同重力分离设备相比,具有体积小、重量轻、分离效率高、结构紧凑、工艺简单、操作费用低等特点。本文对旋流器的工作原理以及在双河联合站含聚合物污水中的现场放大试验情况进行了介绍,该项技术目前已在河南油田污水处理系统中得到了推广应用。     

新疆某黄土的土水特征及其分形描述

本研究采用新疆某引水渠道边坡的黄土填料进行土水特征曲线试验,研究压实度和应力水平对土料的土水特征的影响规律。针对试验结果,本研究首先采用经典的van Genuchten模型进行曲线拟合。然后采用分形理论进行土水特征曲线的比较分析。结果表明:(1)随着压实度的增加,土水特征曲线向下移动;随着轴向应力的增加,土水特征曲线也会有所下移;(2)相应于孔隙分布,该土料的土水特征曲线具有明显的分形特性;(3)在相同压实度下,不同应力水平的SWCC分形拟合基本平行。采用本文所述的分形方法,在已知不同应力水平下的孔隙率时,可较为合理的从一个应力水平下的土水特征曲线推求其它应力水平下的土水特征曲线。