The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi1-χ(Al1/2Ta1/2)cHO3 solid solutions (0.3 ≤χ≤ 0.5) have been investigated. The ceramic samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO3. The partial substitution of Ti4+ by a coupled Al3+/Tas+ permitted improvement of the quality factor Q . The dielectric constant (τr) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τr) decrease rapidly with an increase of χ. A new high-quality microwave dielectric material was found at χ= 0.46 with σr= 46.5, Q f = 27300 GHz, and πf= 0 ppm/°C. The relationship between microstructures and dielectric properties is presented. 相似文献
Coal liquefaction kinetics have been studied at very short reaction times (less than 250 seconds) in order to emphasize the initial underlying physical and chemical processes involved. These studies were made possible by the use of a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) which avoids the problems of slow heat up and cool down associated with the massive equipment required for running high-temperature and high-pressure liquefaction reactions. Preliminary physical (NMR and ESR) and chemical analytical results are presented on the coal liquids and reaction residues from Illinois No. 6 hv bituminous and Wyodak Black Thunder subbituminous coals.
ESR results showed that radical concentration in the solid residue changed during coal liquefaction. These changes were accompanied by changes in the NMR-derived aromaticity. The rate of decrease of organic-based radicals was different for Wyodak Black Thunder and Illinois No. 6 coals, perhaps indicating a different mechanism for the quenching of radicals in these bituminous and subbituminous coals. NMR spectra of the liquid products indicated that the initially produced material was relatively aromatic, and that subsequent products had lower aromatic content. This is consistent with secondary hydrogenation of the primary liquefaction products. Finally, the total oxygen contents of the coal residues decreased gradually during the first three minutes of coal liquefaction at 390°C. A corresponding decrease in the hydroxyl content of these residues was also noted. 相似文献
Summary The surface modification of low-density polyethylene(PE) by liquid phase photograft polymerization with acrylic acid(AA), acrylamide(AM) and glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) was described. The grafting of AA and AM was proved and characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis(ESCA). It was found that fully hydrophilic surface can be obtained in very short irradiation time. With ESCA and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR), it can be confirmed that bifunctional monomer GMA was grafted onto the PE film surface. Through further reaction with GMA grafted film, heparin and protamine were immobilized onto the grafted film surface. 相似文献
A complete critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of the MgO–Al2O3–CrO–Cr2O3 system at 1 bar total pressure are presented. Optimized equations for the thermodynamic properties of all phases are obtained which reproduce all available thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data within experimental error limits from 25°C to above the liquidus temperatures at all compositions and oxygen partial pressures. The optimized thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams are believed to be the best estimates presently available. The database of the model parameters can be used along with software for Gibbs energy minimization in order to calculate any type of phase diagram section. 相似文献
Methanol selective oxidation to formaldehyde over a modified Fe-Mo catalyst with two different stoichiometric (Mo/Fe atomic ratio = 1.5 and 3.0) was studied experimentally in a fixed bed reactor over a wide range of reaction conditions. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared catalysts provides evidence that Fe2(MoO4)3 is in fact the active phase of the catalyst. The experimental results of conversion of methanol and selectivity towards formaldehyde for various residence times were studied. The results showed that as the residence time increases the yield of formaldehyde decreases. Selectivity of formaldehyde decreases with increase in residence time. This result is attributable to subsequent oxidation of formaldehyde to carbon monoxide due to longer residence time. 相似文献
An infiltration method for preparing a boron carbide-aluminum (B4C-AI) composite was modified so as to reduce the processing temperature and time. Titanium metal and titanium-based compounds were added to B4C powders to enhance the wettability of the liquid aluminum on boron carbide skeletons. As expected, the time required for infiltration was significantly reduced on using the additives. Of these additives titanium metal was the most effective in facilitating aluminum infiltration. Another method, involving the heat treatment of boron carbide compacts at 1300°3C for 1 h before infiltration, was attempted, and a significant improvement was gained. These findings show that the treatment modified the surface condition of boron carbide powders via the removal of oxides. An additional attempt was made to increase the boron carbide content of the system by using a bimodal powder mixture. A maximum green density of 78% was achieved by mixing fine particle size and coarse particle size powders. The infiltrated boron carbide composites prepared using a bimodal powder with a preinfiltration heat treatment of the compacts exhibited promising mechanical properties, such as a Vickers hardness ( H V) of 11 Gpa and an indentation toughness ( K IC) in the range of 5–7.5 MPa·m1/2. 相似文献
Polymer migration is a generally well-known phenomenon in a flow field, and it has been verified that the sources of such
phenomena are nonhomogeneity of the flow, concentration effects and hydrodynamic interactions between the polymer molecules.
In addition, temperature effects were found to be another source of polymer migration. The Langevin equation for a polymer
molecule was first derived from single chain dynamics using a kinetic theory for the bead-spring elastic harmonic dumbbell
model, as described in part I (reference [1]). In this paper the diffusion equation and concentration profile of the polymer
molecules induced by a temperature gradient are obtained from the Fokker-Planck equation. A new differential operator is also
introduced to calculate the concentration profile. From the concentration equation obtained in the general flow geometry,
we find that in dilute polymer solution there are significant effects on the polymer migration not only due to the nonhomogeneity
of the flow field but also due to temperature gradients. 相似文献