The effect of optimized carbon source on the synthesis and composition of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus paracasei

This study aimed to predict the optimal carbon source for higher production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Lactobacillus paracasei TD 062, and to evaluate the effect of this carbon source on the production and monosaccharide composition of EPS. We evaluated the EPS production capacity of 20 strains of L. paracasei under the same conditions. We further investigated L. paracasei TD 062, which showed the highest EPS-producing activity (0.609 g/L), by examining the associated biosynthesis pathways for EPS. Genomics revealed that fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose were carbon sources that L. paracasei TD 062 could use to produce EPS. We identified an EPS synthesis gene cluster that could participate in transport, export, and sugar chain synthesis, and generate 6 sugar nucleotides. Experimental results showed that the sugar content of the EPS produced using fermentation with the optimized carbon source (fructose, mannose, trehalose, glucose, galactose, and lactose) increased by 115%. Furthermore, use of the optimized carbon source changed the monosaccharide content of the associated EPS. The results of enzyme activity measurements showed significant increases in the activity of 2 key enzymes involved in the glycoside synthesis pathway. Our study revealed that optimizing the carbon source provided for fermentation not only increased the production of EPS, but also affected the composition of the monosaccharides by increasing enzyme activity in the underlying synthesis pathways, suggesting an important role for carbon source in the production of EPS by L. paracasei TD 062.     

Single-Crystalline TiO2(B) Nanobelts with Unusual Large Exposed {100} Facets and Enhanced Li-Storage Capacity

The {100} facet of single-crystalline TiO₂(B) is an ideal platform for inserting Li ions, but it is hard to be obtained due to its high surface energy. Here, the single-crystalline TiO₂(B) nanobelts from H₂Ti₃O₇ with nearly 70% {100} facets exposed are synthesized, which significantly enhances Li-storage capacity. The first-principle calculations demonstrate an ab in-plane 2D diffusion through the exposed {100} facets. As a consequence, the nanobelts can significantly accommodate Li ions in LiTiO₂ formula with specific capacity up to 335 mAh g⁻¹, which is in good agreement with the electrochemical characterizations. Coating with conductive and protective poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), the cut-off discharge voltage is as low as 0.5 V, leading to a capacity of 160.7 mAh g⁻¹ after 1500 cycles with a retention rate of 66% at 1C. This work provides a practical strategy to increase the Li-ion capacity and cycle stability by tailoring the crystal orientation and nanostructures.     

A dynamic SVR–ARMA model with improved fruit fly algorithm for the nonlinear fiber stretching process

Natural Computing - The fiber stretching process plays the key role in the process of fiber production and its effects is measured by the stretching ratio. The stretching ratio is determined by the...     

北京冬奥会推动国内制冷行业可持续发展

二氧化碳制冷技术和提升氨制冷安全体系是绿色制冷的重要支撑,北京冬奥会大量采用绿色制冷技术,不仅推动国内制冷行业可持续发展,而且将对2030年碳达峰和2060年碳中和产生深远影响.     

渣油胶质和沥青质在分散型催化剂作用下的临氢热反应行为

采用四组分法从辽河减压渣油中分离出胶质、沥青质，分别考察了它们在分散型催化剂作用下的临氢热反应行为。结果表明，胶质、沥青质一方面要裂化生成较轻的产物；另一方面也要发生缩合反应生成较重的反应产物以及甲苯不溶物。渣油在临氢热反应过程中，沥青质是生焦的主要来源，其次才是胶质。比较了热反应生成的沥青质与原生沥青质之间以及热反应生成的胶质与原生胶质之间化学组成的区别，结果表明，反应生成的沥青质和胶质较原生的沥青质和胶质分子结构缩合程度高，并且反应苛刻度越高，缩合程度也越高。     

炼油厂全流程优化建模方法研究

为了克服使用线性规划和单处理单元非线性规划进行生产优化的内在缺点，在建立原油单元、催化裂化、催化重整和汽油调合等4个重要处理单元详细模型的基础上，将单处理单元非线性过程模型集成到一个全流程优化非线性模型中。优化的目标函数是使炼油厂全厂利润最大。决策变量是那些显著影响全厂效益的变量，约束条件是单个处理单元约束条件的集合。对某炼油厂进行实例研究，结果表明该全流程模型能有效处理全厂优化问题，所得利润在线性规划的基础上提高4．5％。     

Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf-life of coated, whole and sliced mushrooms

Whole and sliced fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) were packaged with PVC wrap or two polyolefins (PD-941 and PD-961) films after coating with CaCl₂ and chitosan. Package gas composition, color, weight loss and maturity were measured during storage at 12 °C and 80%RH. For PD-961, the highest in-package concentration occurred during the first day of storage regardless of treatments, while wrap and PD-941 showed varying degrees in-package concentration with different processes and coatings. The whiteness of whole mushrooms varied significantly with the type of coating, but not with the type of films. The extent of darkening was greater in coated whole mushrooms than in sliced ones. Weight loss occurred in all packages and varied from 3 (g/100 g) to about 7 (g/100 g) after 6 days of storage. Due to a lower permeability, PD-961 packages had the lowest weight loss. The type of packaging films significantly affected the maturity index, where PD-961 most effectively lowered maturity index for both whole and sliced mushrooms, thus extending the shelf-life. The type of coating did not appear to affect maturity index except for the wrap package where chitosan coating markedly lowered the maturity index of sliced mushrooms.     

焊膏印刷工艺参数的选择与优化

表面贴装工艺流程的关键工序之一就是焊膏印刷,其工艺控制的好坏直接影响着装配的线路板的质量。通过对印刷工艺参数的分析,利用试验设计的方法来找出关键工艺参数,并加以优化设定,从而为控制工序参数奠定基础。     

膨胀套管的弹塑性理论分析

分析认为，膨胀套管在膨胀过程中先进入弹性阶段，然后进入弹塑性阶段，最后进入塑性流动阶段。采用弹塑性分析方法，对膨胀套管膨胀过程中套管内壁的受力与变形进行了研究，模拟了其成形的过程，并建立了解析解，为膨胀套管膨胀操作过程中确定关键操作参数提供了理论支持。根据推导出的力学模型，计算出了外径107．9mm、钢级为J55的膨胀套管膨胀到直径139．7mm时膨胀芯头拉头处的轴向力为195．94kN。     

Wavelength and Waveband Assignment for Ring Networks Based on Parallel Multi‐granularity Hierarchical OADMs

In this paper we study the optimization issues of ring networks employing novel parallel multi‐granularity hierarchical optical add‐drop multiplexers (OADMs). In particular, we attempt to minimize the number of control elements for the off‐line case. We present an integer linear programming formulation to obtain the lower bound in optimization, and propose an efficient heuristic algorithm called global bandwidth resource assignment that is suitable for the design of large‐scale OADM networks.