珠绳传动的研究

为满足长距离定比传动的需要,在分析套筒滚子链传动元件多、传动比不均匀等缺点的基础上,提出了一种由钢绳和钢球组成的简单定比传动机构,即珠绳传动机构。并对它的工作原理、机构设计、动力学计算进行了研究,做出了样机,并进行了初步的试验,证明机构具有结构简单、传动比恒定、节材、成本低等优点。     

TC11钛合金插铣工艺切削参数选择方法研究

为了优化TC11钛合金插铣加工的切削参数,采用三因素四水平正交实验法进行了插铣实验,建立了插铣过程中切削力和切削温度的经验公式,分析了插铣参数对切削力及切削参数的影响规律。基于此规律以及刀具许用挠度,提出了铣削速度、每齿进给量和铣削深度的选择方法。结果表明:铣削深度对切削力影响最大,而铣削速度对切削温度影响最大;插铣参数选取原则是在刀具材料允许下取较大铣削速度,适中的每齿进给量,最后根据刀具挠度选择合适的铣削深度。最后在根据此原则选择的插铣切削参数条件下,材料切除率达到了25.1 cm3/min。     

Small diameter fiber Bragg gratings and applications

Small diameter optical fibers are preferred in sensing systems as they have less influence on mechanical performance of smart composite. The static and dynamic monitoring capabilities of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are experimentally studied in this paper. Firstly, a small-diameter FBG is used as a strain sensor. Secondly, a temperature sensor is fabricated using a specific FBG. Thirdly, a simple sensing system is proposed in order to discriminate temperature at sensing point. Finally, utilization of these small diameter FBGs for vibration monitoring is discussed. The experiments revealed that the central wavelengths of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings shift linearly with strain or temperature. The FBG is more sensitive than a thermocouple inside the thermostat. Acquisition and analysis of the dynamic signal indicates that the designed FBG can be used for dynamic signal monitoring.     

Effect of the Thermal Expansion Characteristics of Reinforcements on the Electrical Wear Performance of Copper Matrix Composite

Copper matrix composites reinforced with MgO, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and SiC nanoparticles were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The tribological properties of the composites were examined using a self-made pin-on-disk electrical wear tester. Thermal expansion properties of the prepared composites were evaluated by their coefficient of thermal expansion from 50 to 500°C. The effect of the thermal expansion characteristics of reinforcements on the electrical wear performance of the composites was also studied. The results showed that the wear rates of MgO/Cu and Al₂O₃/Cu composites were lower than those of SiC/Cu and SiO₂/Cu composites, which were also consistent with the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion of the copper matrix and reinforcements. The relationship was analyzed by calculation of the thermal stress at the copper matrix–reinforcement interface in the electrical sliding process. Microstructural observation revealed that the wear mechanisms of the copper matrix composites were mainly adhesive wear and plastic deformation accompanied by a small amount of arc damage.     

Effect of Extreme Pressure Additives on the Deformation Behavior of Oxide Scale during the Hot Rolling of Ferritic Stainless Steel Strips

High-speed steel (HSS) materials are universally used as work rolls for the hot rolling of stainless steels. Their use has increased the output of the rolling mill and decreased roll material consumption and grinding. Sticking defects often occur, however, during the hot rolling process. In this article, extreme pressure (EP) additives were dropped on the HSS samples at high temperature. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) was chosen as the most effective EP additive by scratch tests on the HSS samples. In order to determine the optimum proportion of ZDDP in the lubricant, two reduction rates were tested on a Hille 100 experimental rolling mill by hot rolling ferritic stainless steel 445J1M at five different concentrations of ZDDP. The mechanism of EP additive action during the hot rolling process was also investigated. By analyzing the deformation behavior of the oxide scale of samples after hot rolling using different proportions of ZDDP, it was found that 20% ZDDP in the lubricant is the preferred concentration for industrial application.     

Surface Films and Soluble Degradation Products Formed in a PFPAE Fluid and Their Implications to the Wear of Steel

The soluble degradation products were generated in a linear perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) fluid in boundary lubrication. Perfluoropolyalkylether carboxylic acid species were found in the residual fluids from the sliding tests by vibration spectroscopy. Surface-bound organic and inorganic reaction products were identified by vibration microspectroscopy with a grazing angle objective attachment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Inorganic surface films were found to be composed primarily of FeF₃. A monodentate perfluorocarboxylate surface species was found on the sliding surfaces in 50° and 100°C tests but not found in 150°C tests. The higher friction and wear in 150°C tests as compared to 50° and 100°C tests were attributed to the absence of the perfluorocarboxylate species over the sliding surfaces at high temperatures.     

Evaluation of machinability and economic performance in cryogenic-assisted hard turning of α-β titanium: a step towards sustainable manufacturing

Abstract

Titanium, a difficult-to-cut material, consumes higher time and cost in removing material by machining to produce parts. Machining of Ti alloys has got serious attention owing to its reactive nature with tool materials at elevated temperature that aggravates tool wear. Reportedly, effective and efficient cooling and lubrication at the tool–work interface can ameliorate the machinability of Ti-alloys. In this perspective, this article interrogates the underlying mechanism of critical responses such as surface roughness, temperature, tool life and machining cost under dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN2) modes. The effect of cutting speeds and feed rates on such responses have been considered as a function of cooling strategy to standardize the cooling technique as the best alternative for machining. Cryogenic cooling seems to be preponderant regarding machining cost, temperature, surface roughness and tool life in hard turning of a–b titanium alloy. The feasibility of cryogenic cooling was investigated using the iso-response technique in comparison with dry and MQL-assisted hard turning. Experimental results revealed longer tool life and lower machining cost under cryogenic condition followed by MQL and dry machining. Moreover, cryogenic LN2 has been identified as an appropriate alternative to reduce the temperature and surface roughness. On contrary, dry turning evoked a high-temperature and rapid tool wear. In a nutshell, cryogenic assisted hard turning has acceded as a sustainable strategy from an environmental and economic perspective.     

基于EEMD样本熵和GK模糊聚类的机械故障识别

针对目前各种机械故障诊断方法的局限性,提出了基于总体平均经验模式分解（EEMD）样本熵和GK模糊聚类的故障特征提取和分类方法,建立了一种机械故障准确识别的有效途径。首先,对机械振动信号进行EEMD分解,得到若干不同时间尺度的固有模态函数（IMF）分量。其次,通过相关性分析和能量相结合的准则对IMF分量进行筛选,并将筛选出的IMF分量的样本熵组成故障特征向量。最后,将构造的特征向量输入到GK模糊聚类分类器中进行聚类识别。实验及工程实例证明了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

袋式除尘器的发展及其在高温条件下的应用

介绍了袋式除尘器的发展概况及其在高温条件下应用时所采取的一些技术措施。重点介绍了耐高温滤料的应用,展望了袋式除尘器在国内的发展前景。     

现代离子色谱的最新进展及在卫生检验中的应用

介绍了现代离子色谱的基本理论、工作原理,将近年来离子色谱领域的最新进展及在卫生检验领域中的应用进行了综述。