直流三端子输电特性的研究

在使用他励式电力换流器的并列式直流多端子送电系统中，根据电力系统的需要，有时对支线换流站进行从整流到逆变，或者与之相反的切换，为了对支线换流站的电压极性进行切换必须使支线换流站与直流系统一时脱离，这样极为不便，为了解决这一问题，如果在需进行上述切换的支线换流站设置双向电力换流器，在进行由整流到逆变，或与之相反的切换时，则不必使支线换流站与直流系统相脱离，只需用正弦波电流跟随控制方式，改变基准电流的     

Synthesis,Characterization and Aqueous Properties of a New Hybrid Fluorocarbon Cationic Surfmer

A novel hybrid fluorocarbon cationic surfmer has been synthesized and its aggregation and surface properties have been studied by surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady‐state fluorescence, Rayleigh light scattering, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Through surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady‐state fluorescence and Rayleigh light scattering measurements, the effectiveness of surface tension reduction, the maximum surface excess concentration, the minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule at the air/water interface, the micropolarity and aggregation number of micelles were investigated. The results shows that the surfmer has superior surface activity and lower micropolarity than other surfmers. The critical micelle concentration at different temperatures and a series of thermodynamic parameters (, , and , , , and ) of micellization were evaluated. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the micelle formation was entropy‐driven in the temperature range of 15–40 °C. The size and morphology of the aggregates were also confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.     

Dense Bi3Fe0.5Nb1.5O9 ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering

Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ ceramics have attracted much attention due to its interesting dielectric and magnetic properties. However, the Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ ceramics prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method have a maximum density of about 60% of the theoretical density. Decomposition at temperatures higher than 850 °C precluded the preparation of a more highly dense sample. In the present research, dense ferroelectric Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ ceramics with a density of more than 97% of the theoretical one were prepared by spark plasma sintering. XRD data shows that Bi₃Fe_0.5Nb_1.5O₉ has an orthorhombic Aurivillius-type structure.     

Effect of emulsion temperature on physical properties of palm oil-based margarine

Margarines made from refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil at different emulsion temperatures showed no significant difference in their consistency, polymorphic behavior, and solid fat content (SFC) during storage, although differences were observed during processing. The emulsion temperatures studied were 40, 45, and 50°C, with other parameters such as emulsion flow rates, tube cooler temperature, and pin rotor speed kept constant. The SFC developed during processing and storage at 28°C was measured to evaluate the quality of margarine. The emulsion contained no SFC at any emulsion temperature studied. However, the amount of SFC in the perfector or tube cooler unit increased to 15.9, 13.9, and 15.6% in margarine produced at emulsion temperatures of 40, 45, and 50°C, respectively. At 40°C, the lowest SFC was developed during storage even though this margarine had the highest consistency. The softening point of this sample was moderately high and closely related to the type of crystal developed, which was a mixture of β′ and β crystals. Emulsion at 45°C gave the most stable margarine consistency and SFC with crystal in the β′ form even after the fourth week. At 50°C, moderately soft product was produced, which might be undesirable for some applications, although the crystals were in the β′ form.     

Electron transfer processes at the surface of MoOx/SiO2 catalysts

EPR studies using naturally abundant and ⁹⁵Mo-enriched molybdenum have shown that reduced MoO _x /SiO₂catalysts with different dispersion of molybdenum provide a unique opportunity for molecular-level investigations of surface phenomena involved in the bonding to and activation of small molecules by oxide surfaces. Different types of electron transfer (ET) processes accompanying the activation of O₂and N₂O as well as the reactivity of O^-and CH₂OH transients with coadsorbed CH₃OH and O₂, respectively, have been identified. They include nondissociative and dissociative ET, surface intramolecular ET, and electroprotic transformation (ET coupled with proton transfer). In the case of methanol dehydrogenation it was found that if the reaction occurs on the MoO _x cluster centers, ET exhibits a complementary character, in contrast to isolated Mo centers where noncomplementary ET accompanied by migration of the hydroxymethyl intermediate is observed.     

Development of a Coconut- and Palm-Based Fat Blend for a Cookie Filler

Thirteen fat blends intended for cookie filler (CF) production that consist of 20–70 % palm mid-fraction (PMF), 20–70 % virgin coconut oil (VCO), and 0–10 % palm stearin (POs) were developed based on the solid fat contents (SFC) of the fat portions extracted from five commercial CF samples: A, B, C, D, and E. A mixture design was applied for fat blend optimization, and the combination that best approached the target SFC values was composed of 70 % PMF, 20 % VCO, and 10 % POs. The optimized coconut- and palm-based fat blend (O-CP) exhibited a steeper SFC profile, with 8.2 % (±0.2) SFC at 25 °C (room temperature) and 0.2 % (±0.2) SFC at 37 °C (body temperature); lower slip melting point of 34.0 °C (±0.0); and a lower iodine value (IV) of 40.25 g/100 g (±1.04). In addition, O-CP contained higher proportions of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and lauric acid (C12:0) of 3.2 % (±0.18) and 9.7 % (±0.43), respectively. In terms of its thermal profile, O-CP showed no significant difference in terms of its crystallization range, 49.7 °C (±2.66) with the exception of sample C, but it exhibited a smaller melting range, 65.8 °C (±1.47), compared to the fat portions of the commercial samples. The ranges represented the span between the onset and offset temperatures of both crystallization and melting profiles as determined by differential scanning calorimetry.     

PP Z30S生产波动原因及对策

利用环管法工艺聚丙烯装置生产高熔体流动速率产品Z30S时需要加入大量H2,而H2会提高催化剂活性,因此环管反应器中反应比较剧烈,生产初期会出现产品密度等质量波动。针对这些波动,优化控制比例度、积分时间、微分时间等,改善操作方法,使装置运行趋于平稳状态,产品质量稳定。     

Comparing Al-SBA-15 Support and Pt/Al-SBA-15 Catalyst: Changes in Al Speciation and Acidic Properties Induced by the Introduction of Pt via Aqueous Medium

Differences between the acidic properties of silicoaluminic Pt-containing catalysts and those assessed on their parent supports have been reported in the literature and attributed to the presence of the metal nanoparticles and to their influence on the acid sites. It is shown here that for mesoporous materials containing various types of Al species, an alternative explanation can be proposed. ²⁷Al NMR spectroscopy, FTIR of adsorbed CO and probe catalytic tests suggest the redistribution of aluminium atoms upon contact of the parent support with the aqueous solution containing the Pt precursor. Upon contact with water and thermal treatment, strong and mild Brønsted sites (Si–O(H)–Al) transform into strong Lewis sites (isolated tetracoordinated Al atoms). As a consequence, it may not be straightforward to deduce the acidic properties of metal-containing catalysts supported on Al-containing mesoporous materials from those of the bare support, because the surface species may differ significantly.     

激光拼焊焊缝碾压成型工艺研究

提出激光拼焊焊缝碾压预成形工艺来降低激光拼焊对板材边缘直线度的要求。该工艺是通过碾压轮使板材边缘发生塑性变形填补焊缝间隙。采用有限元方法对碾压过程进行有限元分析,通过数值模拟加部分试验验证的方法来分析碾压轮宽度、直径和碾压深度对碾压效果的影响。焊接结果表明,激光拼焊焊缝碾压预成形技术能有效消除焊前两板间间隙,提高焊接质量。     

灭克锰锌防治白菜霜霉病效果

比较了五种杀菌剂对白菜霜霉病的防治效果。田间试验结果表明２０％灭克可湿性粉剂和６０５灭克锰锌可湿性粉剂防治白菜霜霉病效果较突出,灭克１０００倍防效在９２．８％－９４．３％之间,灭克锰锌１０００倍防效在８６．９％－８７．６％之间。