Projects as the content and process of change: The case of the health and safety laboratory

The relationship between managing change, and managing projects and programmes has been a matter of recent debate. This paper will contribute to this debate by exploring two dimensions — projects as the content of change, and projects as the process of change. Projects form the process of change when the organisational changes are managed as a project, and projects form the content of change when the intent of the change process is a managing by projects form of organisation. This exploration will be conducted through a single rich case, using Pettigrew's well-established context, content, process model of organisational change. In presenting the case we will identify the paradox that the organisational change towards managing projects is not itself managed as a project, and we suggest that this paradox provides a good opportunity for stimulating novel lines of enquiry in research on project organising.     

Iodate and iodo-trihalomethane formation during chlorination of iodide-containing waters: role of bromide

The kinetics of iodate formation is a critical factor in mitigation of the formation of potentially toxic and off flavor causing iodoorganic compounds during chlorination. This study demonstrates that the formation of bromine through the oxidation of bromide by chlorine significantly enhances the oxidation of iodide to iodate in a bromide-catalyzed process. The pH-dependent kinetics revealed species specific rate constants of k(HOBr + IO(-)) = 1.9 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), k(BrO(-) + IO(-)) = 1.8 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1), and k(HOBr + HOI) < 1 M(-1) s(-1). The kinetics and the yield of iodate formation in natural waters depend mainly on the naturally occurring bromide and the type and concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The process of free chlorine exposure followed by ammonia addition revealed that the formation of iodo-trihalomethanes (I-THMs), especially iodoform, was greatly reduced by an increase of free chlorine exposure and an increase of the Br(-)/I(-) ratio. In water from the Great Southern River (with a bromide concentration of 200 μg/L), the relative I-incorporation in I-THMs decreased from 18 to 2% when the free chlorine contact time was increased from 2 to 20 min (chlorine dose of 1 mg Cl(2)/L). This observation is inversely correlated with the conversion of iodide to iodate, which increased from 10 to nearly 90%. Increasing bromide concentration also increased the conversion of iodide to iodate: from 45 to nearly 90% with a bromide concentration of 40 and 200 μg/L, respectively, and a prechlorination time of 20 min, while the I-incorporation in I-THMs decreased from 10 to 2%.     

Isotope effect on the solvus of the V-H system

The solvus of the V-D system was determined by a resistometric technique. The solubility of deuterium is twice that determined for hydrogen in an earlier study. In the temperature range 210 to 380K, the solubility limit increases from about 0.6 to 27.4 at. pct D. Deuter-ium causes a smaller increment in the resistivity than hydrogen.     

Failures to confirm the spatial-frequency hypothesis: Fatal blow or healthy complication?

Examined the validity of the hypothesis that the 2 cerebral hemispheres are differentially sensitive to the outputs of the spatial-frequency channels, using 12 male right-handed adults. Ss viewed digitized broad-pass, digitized low-pass, and coarsely quantized photographs that were presented to the left or the right of their point of fixation and were required to identify the faces as male or female. Results indicate that low spatial-frequency photographs were processed more efficiently by the right than by the left hemisphere, while higher frequency components benefited the left more than the right hemisphere. Exposure duration, spatial-frequency content, and practice effects appeared to influence the respective processing efficiency of the cerebral hemispheres. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Structures in two-choice reaction-time data.

This study served (a) to illustrate a maximum likelihood estimation procedure for metric multidimensional scaling applied to speeded same–different judgments, (b) to compare the spatial representations of various stimulus sets derived from dissimilarity data obtained in conditions of data- and resource-limitations with the spatial representations of the same stimulus sets derived from dissimilarity measures collected in conditions of unlimited viewing and/or responding, and (c) to examine the concepts of integrality and separability as they apply to the dimensional decomposability of stimuli. The results showed that although the same spatial metrics best represented perceived dissimilarities for each subject within each stimulus set, individual differences and divergence with results obtained on similar stimulus sets in different conditions were apparent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reexamination of vanadium for allotropy

The possibility of allotropy in vanadium at subambient temperatures has been investigated by measuring electrical resistivity in the [110] direction of a single crystal, by measuring elastic constants, and by X-ray diffractometry. All studies indicated no allotropy.     

Geometric rationale for the hydrides of beryllium-based intermetallic compounds

A geometric model was developed earlier for the prediction of stoichiometries and preferred hydrogen sites in the hydrides of intermetallic compounds whose components are primarily transition metals. For stable hydrides, the geometric criteria are a minimum hole radius of 0.40 Å and a minimum hydrogen-hydrogen distance of 2.10 Å. The present investigation demonstrates the applicability of this invariant set of criteria to four hydrogenated intermetallic compounds, of three different structures, but all based on beryllium, a Group IIa metal that is known to form a covalent hydride, BeH₂. ZrBe₂ and HfBe₂ are both hexagonal (C32) and belong to space group P6/mmm, while VBe₂ is hexagonal (C14, space group P6₃/mmc), and TiBe₂ is cubic (C15, space group Fd3m). Because the 2c hexahedral interstices in ZrBe₂ and HfBe₂ have radii considerably larger than 0.40 Å, the absorption of hydrogen can occur readily by solid solution, and no phase transformation would seem to be required. The predicted occupation of 2c hexahedral interstices in ZrBe₂H_n and HfBe₂H_n is in full agreement with the published experimental determination of site occupation in ZrBe₂D_1.5. The anomalously small volume expansion in that deuteride is discussed in terms of size and shape of the 2c interstice. For ZrBe₂D_2.3, either there must be a phase transformation, or the 6k tetrahedral interstices, coordinated by two zirconium atoms and two beryllium atoms, must be partially occupied. None of the interstices in either VBe₂ or TiBe₂ meets the size criterion, and the resulting prediction of low hydrogen solubility is in accord with published absorption capacities of n = 0.1 and 0.05, respectively.     

The isotope effect and the influence of interstitial impurities on the hydrogen solubility limit in niobium and vanadium

The solubility limits for hydrogen and deuterium in niobium were determined resistometrically between 175 and 280°K before and after purification of the niobium by ultra-high vacuum treatment. No isotope effect was observed; neither was an interstitial impurity effect detected in the low concentration range studied. The solubility limits for hydrogen in vanadium were measured at temperatures between 230 and 325°K before and after additions of oxygen greater than 1000 at. ppm. Large concentrations of solute oxygen increase the apparent solubility limit for hydrogen in vanadium.