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11.
3-D segmentation of MR images of the head for 3-D display 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Algorithms for 3-D segmentation and reconstruction of anatomical surfaces from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are presented. The 3-D extension of the Marr-Hildreth operator is described, and it is shown that its zero crossings are related to anatomical surfaces. For an improved surface definition, morphological filters-dilation and erosion-are applied. From these contours, 3-D reconstructions of skin, bone, brain, and the ventricular system can be generated. Results obtained with different segmentation parameters and surface rendering methods are presented. The fidelity of the generated images comes close to anatomical reality. It is noted that both the convolution and the morphological filtering are computationally expensive, and thus take a long time on a general-purpose computer. Another problem is assigning labels to the constituents of the head; in the current implementation, this is done interactively. 相似文献
12.
13.
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) has been recognized as an attractive therapeutic target because it is a nuclear hormone
receptor that controls the expression level of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, which in turn regulates bile acid production and
cholesterol excretion. To compare receptor activity between each domain and the full-length protein, human FXR cDNA was cloned
from a human liver cDNA library. Three human FXR cDNA, designated FXR20, FXR33, and FXR53 cDNA, were subcloned and ligated into a pET28a expression vector. Each protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21) and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column chromatography. Approximately 5 mg of FXR33 (1–182 amino acids deleted from FXR, 37 kDa) and 2 mg of FXR53 (the full-length protein of FXR, 59 kDa) was purified from 1 L of Luria-Bertani culture, achieving at least 90% purity. The
coactivator recruitment assay for FXR activation was carried out with the three variants of the FXR protein by using dissociation-enhanced
lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay-europium-N1-labeled anti-His antibody. From an optimized assay, a saturated hyperbolic fluorescence signal curve was produced when 250
nM of FXR33 and 100 nM of steroid receptor coactivator-1 peptide, a coactivator of FXR consisting of 26 amino acids, were used with a
concentration dependence on chenodeoxycholic acid (from 0 to 200 μM). The ligand-binding domain of FXR (FXR33) was the most suitable protein for studying the activation of FXR with a fluorescence-based assay, because it showed better
structural stability than either the full length of FXR (FXR53) or the DNA-binding domain of FXR (FXR20). 相似文献
14.
钢铁件无熔盐覆盖光亮热浸镀铝-一种无污染镀铝新工艺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种无污染光亮镀铝工艺。在熔融的热浸镀铝液中添加少量(小于0.1%)抗氧化合金以代替熔盐覆盖。观察了镀铝件的外观、微观结构,并测试了其各项性能,该工艺所得镀铝件光亮洁白,具有优良的耐磨、耐蚀及抗高温氧化性能。 相似文献
15.
Shim JH Kim YW Kim TJ Chae HY Park JH Cha H Kim JW Kim YR Schaefer T Spendler T Moon TW Park KH 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2004,17(3):205-211
In an effort to improve the properties of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) as an antistaling enzyme, error-prone PCR was used to introduce random mutations into a CGTase cloned from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. I-5 (CGTase I-5). A mutant CGTase[3-18] with the three mutations M234T, F259I and V591A was selected by agar plate assay. Sequence alignment of various CGTases indicated that M234 and F259 are located in the vicinity of the catalytic sites of the enzyme and V591 in the starch binding domain E. The cyclization activity of CGTase[3-18] was dramatically decreased by 10-fold, while the hydrolyzing activity was increased by up to 15-fold. These mutations near subsite +1 (M234T) and at subsite +2 (F259I) are likely to alter the enzyme activity in a concerted manner, promoting hydrolysis of substrate while retarding cyclization. The addition of CGTase[3-18] reduced the retrogradation rate of bread by as much as did the commercial antistaling enzyme Novamyl during 7-day storage at 4 degrees C. No cyclodextrin (CD) was detected in bread treated with CGTase[3-18], whereas 21 mg of CD per 10 g of bread was produced in bread treated with wild-type CGTase. 相似文献
16.
In a previous study, CETP inhibitory peptide (3 kDa) was isolated from hog plasma. The peptide, synthesized chemically according
to the amino acid sequence of the 3-kDa peptide (designated P28), showed CETP inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo [Cho et al. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1391, 133–144]. We report herein further unique features of P28 when it was associated with the cholesteryl ester (CE)-donor and-acceptor lipoproteins. Lipoprotein substrates with P28 present in both HDL (as a CE-donor) and LDL (as a CE-acceptor) served as poor substrates, with CE-transfer activity decreased
up to 60% compared to normal substrates without P28. P28 was found to be located in HDL fractions of hog plasma and showed the same electromobility as that visualized by PAGE on
7% polyacrylamide gel under nondenaturing conditions. Addition of apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) or apoB antibody to a normal
CE-transfer mixture did not alter CE-transfer activity. However, addition of apoA-1 or −B antibody to a CETP-inhibition mixture
decreased the inhibitory activity of P28 by ca. 20%. Western blot analysis revealed that P28 was associated only with human and hog HDL among several lipoproteins purified from human, hog, and rabbit. CFTP-inhibition
assays with various lipoprotein substrates revealed that P28 exhibited substrate-specific inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity of P28 was highly dependent on the type of lipoprotein substrate (whether CE-donor or-acceptor); P28 inhibited CE transfer from HDL to LDL, but it did not inhibit CE transfer from HDL to HDL. 相似文献
17.
Garrett BC Dixon DA Camaioni DM Chipman DM Johnson MA Jonah CD Kimmel GA Miller JH Rescigno TN Rossky PJ Xantheas SS Colson SD Laufer AH Ray D Barbara PF Bartels DM Becker KH Bowen KH Bradforth SE Carmichael I Coe JV Corrales LR Cowin JP Dupuis M Eisenthal KB Franz JA Gutowski MS Jordan KD Kay BD Laverne JA Lymar SV Madey TE McCurdy CW Meisel D Mukamel S Nilsson AR Orlando TM Petrik NG Pimblott SM Rustad JR Schenter GK Singer SJ Tokmakoff A Wang LS Wettig C Zwier TS 《Chemical reviews》2005,105(1):355-390
18.
以下垫面覆被条件变化来表征的人类活动是水文循环研究中的核心问题,对流域发电、水资源管理以及社会经济可持续发展起到至关重要的影响。本文采用趋势分析法分析右江水电站控制流域内的年降雨量以及年径流量的变化特征及趋势,在利用Arc GIS分析流域下垫面变化的基础上,分别采用多元统计模型和考虑降雨的多元统计模型对径流系数进行模拟。结果表明年降雨量与年径流量的总体变化趋势是一致的,对年径流影响最大的要素是年降雨量,将降雨作为自变量放入回归模型后,模型拟合效果明显提高。 相似文献
19.
将CO2注入页岩,不但能提高页岩油采收率,还能达到埋存CO2的目的,但CO2吞吐和埋存的影响因素较多且相互作用。为搞清楚页岩油CO2非混相吞吐与埋存特征,通过开展页岩岩心CO2吞吐、吸附实验,定量评价了CO2注入压力、CO2相态类型、储层温度、闷井时间、裂缝、吞吐次数对CO2吞吐效果以及颗粒直径、CO2注入压力、储层温度对CO2埋存效果的影响程度。研究表明:增大注入压力不但有利于CO2吞吐,还能增大吸附量;增加注入压力会诱导天然微裂缝的扩展、延伸,有利于扩大CO2波及面积,减小原油渗流阻力;当储层温度小于50℃时,温度升高有利于提高吞吐采收率,但会降低CO2吸附量;当温度大于等于50℃时,温度升高不利于CO2吞吐和埋存;在超临界条件(7.4 MPa、31℃)下CO2 相似文献
20.
前言 T12CrV是我国根据各国钢锉生产的特点、自行设计的新钢种,是目前能取代生产钢锉普遍采用的T12、T12A、T13、T13A等碳素工具钢,为赶超美国“双刀”牌钢锉的最新锉刀专用钢,现已通过冶金部和轻工部的鉴定。其特点是:钢中含有少量的Cr、V、RE、B等合金元素,使钢锉具有较高的硬度及耐磨性。因此,使用寿命也显著提高。由于T12CrV为新钢种,在锉刀生产工艺方面还有待于进一步完善,特别在热处理方面,还可以进一步挖掘潜力,以优质、高 相似文献