印刷电路板自动布线系统

用ＰＡＳＣＡＬ语言开发的印刷电路板自动布线系统，该系统可自动配制各种模拟电子线路单面印刷电路板的布线及器件位五图形，并具有印字功能。     

Experimental demonstration of a continuously variant fractional fourier transformer

We demonstrate that an off-axis illuminated hemispherical-rod microlens acts as a fractional Fourier transformer with a continuously varying degree of fractionality. A complete theoretical treatment of the device as well as experimental results are presented.     

Optical electromagnetic vector-field modeling for the accurate analysis of finite diffractive structures of high complexity

An electromagnetic vector-field model for design of optical components based on the finite-difference time-domain method and radiation integrals is presented. Its ability to predict the optical electromagnetic dynamics in structures with complex material distributions is demonstrated. Theoretical and numerical investigations of finite-length surface-relief structures embedded in polymer dielectric waveguiding materials are presented. The importance of several geometric parameter dependencies is indicated as far-field power distributions are rearranged between diffraction orders. The influences of the variation in grating period, modulation depth, length, and profile are investigated.     

俄罗斯矿物原料基地与采矿工业现状

作者全面扼要地综合分析评价了俄罗斯矿物原料基地与采矿工业的现今状况，指出了在各种矿产资源开发方面存在的技术与经济问题以及迫切需要解决的科研与生产课题，并且根据所做的分析，提出了相应的对策。     

国际齿轮传动技术现状

西德“传动技术”杂志(ant《antribslechnik》1978 Nr11)邀请五位蜚声国际的齿轮传动专家撰文,(他们是:美国Solar国际透平公司传动发展部主任W·Dudley,英国布朗公司研究发展部主任W·H·Harrison,法国雪铁龙梅西奥传动齿轮减速器公司技术厂长,教授G.Henriot,日本、库多工学院机械工程系,工程博士Aizohkubo,西德FVA负责人     

Behavior-change trials to assess the feasibility of improving complementary feeding practices and micronutrient intake of infants in rural Bangladesh

This study used simple rapid-assessment techniques to test the feasibility of increasing the consumption of complementary foods by infants by asking mothers to increase meal quantity or frequency or by altering the viscosity/energy density of the food. The feasibility of using micronutrient supplements either added directly to food or administered as liquid drops was also examined. The study was conducted in rural Bangladesh and involved four separate short-term behavioral change trials. Depending on the trial, fieldworkers recruited 30 to 45 infants 6 to 12 months of age. Following recommendations to increase the amount of food provided to infants, the mean intakes from single meals increased from 40 +/- 23 g on day 1 to 64 +/- 30 g on day 7 (p < 0.05). In a second trial, the mean meal frequency increased from 2.2 +/- 1.3 on day 1 to 4.1 +/- 1.3 on day 7 (p < 0.05). Provision of high-energy-density diets, prepared by decreasing viscosity with alpha-amylase or by hand-mashing rice and dhal into a paste before feeding, increased single-meal energy consumption from 54 +/- 35 kcal to 79 +/- 52 kcal or 75 +/- 37 kcal (p < 0.05), respectively. Both types of micronutrient supplements were well accepted and used according to recommendations. In conclusion, it was possible to change short-term child-feeding behaviors to promote increased food intake, mealfrequency, energy density, and micronutrient consumption. Because each of these interventions lasted for only about 1 week, however, the long-term sustainability of these changes is not known. Moreover, the effect of increased feeding of complementary foods on intakes of breastmilk and total daily consumption of energy and nutrients requires further study.     

Electrical conductivity of milk: ability to predict mastitis status

Electrical conductivity (EC) of milk has been introduced as an indicator trait for mastitis over the last decade, and it may be considered as a potential trait in a breeding program where selection for improved udder health is included. In this study, various EC traits were investigated for their association with udder health. In total, 322 cows with 549 lactations were included in the study. Cows were classified as healthy or clinically or subclinically infected, and EC was measured repeatedly during milking on each quarter. Four EC traits were defined; the inter-quarter ratio (IQR) between the highest and lowest quarter EC values, the maximum EC level for a cow, IQR between the highest and lowest quarter EC variation, and the maximum EC variation for a cow. Values for the traits were calculated for every milking throughout the entire lactation. All EC traits increased significantly (P < 0.001) when cows were subclinically or clinically infected. A simple threshold test and discriminant function analysis was used to validate the ability of the EC traits to distinguish between cows in different health groups. Traits reflecting the level rather than variation of EC, and in particular the IQR, performed best to classify cows correctly. By using this trait, 80.6% of clinical and 45.0% of subclinical cases were classified correctly. Of the cows classified as healthy, 74.8% were classified correctly. However, some extra information about udder health status was obtained when a combination of EC traits was used.     

Optimization of photocatalytic oxidation of 2,2',3,3'-tetrachlorobiphenyl

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are wide spread environmental pollutants. This research focused the optimum physico-chemical conditions under which photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) can be used to degrade 2,2',3,3'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tetra-CB). Among the optimal physico-chemical conditions studied were UV intensity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) concentrations, initial pH, and possible reaction intermediates were also determined. The results indicate that the optimal physico-chemical conditions necessary for the degradation of tetra-CB by PCO were UV intensity at 3.16 mW/cm2, 30 mM of H2O2 and 100 mg/l of TiO2. In contrast to the results of PCO studies on other organic compounds, the optimum pH for PCO degradation of tetra-CB was 5.5. The removal efficiency was also higher under acidic conditions than alkaline conditions. Although degradation intermediates such as 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol, and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were identified at an early stage in the reaction process, they were not completely degraded even after 7h of PCO reaction.     

Modeling and simulation of intracellular dynamics: choosing an appropriate framework

Systems biology is a reemerging paradigm which, among other things, focuses on mathematical modeling and simulation of biochemical reaction networks in intracellular processes. For most simulation tools and publications, they are usually characterized by either preferring stochastic simulation or rate equation models. The use of stochastic simulation is occasionally accompanied with arguments against rate equations. Motivated by these arguments, we discuss in this paper the relationship between these two forms of representation. Toward this end, we provide a novel compact derivation for the stochastic rate constant that forms the basis of the popular Gillespie algorithm. Comparing the mathematical basis of the two popular conceptual frameworks of generalized mass action models and the chemical master equation, we argue that some of the arguments that have been put forward are ignoring subtle differences and similarities that are important for answering the question in which conceptual framework one should investigate intracellular dynamics.     

Covariance control with observed-state feedback gains for continuous nonlinear systems using T-S fuzzy models

The design problem of state variance constrained control for stochastic systems has received rather extensive attention in recent years. This paper solves the state variance constrained controller design problem by using the covariance control theory, with observed-state feedback gains for continuous Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy models. By incorporating the technique of state estimation into the practical covariance control theory, a variance constrained control methodology is developed for the continuous TS fuzzy models. Finally, a numerical example is shown to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed approach.