Spatially offset Raman microspectroscopy of highly scattering tissue: theory and experiment

Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) has seen considerable interest in recent years as a tool for noninvasively acquiring Raman spectra from beneath the surface of a sample. One of the major limitations of the SORS technique is that accurate knowledge of the optical properties of the medium is required to translate an offset into a sample depth. We report on the benefits of preforming SORS using micron offset distances as opposed to the more typical millimeter offsets used. Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate that at these small offsets, the results depend less on the scattering coefficient of the material. These results provide new insights into the SORS technique and will improve the practical application of SORS in the future.     

A Garnet-Type Solid-Electrolyte-Based Molten Lithium−Molybdenum−Iron(II) Chloride Battery with Advanced Reaction Mechanism

Solid-electrolyte-based molten-metal batteries have attracted considerable attention for grid-scale energy storage. Although ZEBRA batteries are considered one of the promising candidates, they still have the potential concern of metal particle growth and ion exchange with the β”-Al₂O₃ electrolyte. Herein, a Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ solid-electrolyte-based molten lithium−molybdenum−iron(II) chloride battery (denoted as Li−Mo−FeCl₂) operated at temperature of 250 °C, comprising a mixture of Fe and LiCl cathode materials, a Li anode, a garnet-type Li-ion ceramic electrolyte, and Mo additive, is designed to overcome these obstacles. Different from conventional battery reaction mechanisms, this battery revolutionarily synchronizes the reversible Fe−Mo alloying−dealloying reactions with the delithiation−lithiation processes, meaning that the porous Mo framework derived from Fe−Mo alloy simultaneously suppresses the growth of pure Fe particles. By adopting a Li anode and a Li-ion ceramic electrolyte, the corrosion problem between the cathode and the solid electrolyte is overcome. With similar battery cost ($12 kWh⁻¹), the theoretical energy density of Li−Mo−FeCl₂ battery surpasses that of a Na−FeCl₂ ZEBRA battery over 25%, to 576 Wh kg⁻¹ and 2216 Wh L⁻¹, respectively. Experimental results further prove this cell has excellent cycling performance (472 mAh g_LiCl⁻¹ after 300 cycles, 50 mg active material) and strong tolerance against the overcharge−overdischarge (3−1.6 V) and freezing−thawing (25−250 °C) incidents.     

非电雷管在松木介质中殉爆特性试验研究

对导爆管雷管置于以松木为隔爆介质的小孔内的殉爆问题进行了研究.通过改变主、被发雷管与钻孔的不耦合系数和间隔厚度分别进行试验,得出了雷管放在松木介质小孔中的最小殉爆距离,据此设计出保险箱内雷管存放于松木中布置形式.试验结果表明,这种雷管保险箱具有良好的抗殉爆性能,可有效提高雷管运输的安全性.     

生产控制与胶辊胶圈质量的关系

为了减少纺纱生产中胶辊胶圈缠绕、损伤和损坏的几率,阐述了胶辊胶圈局部或个别缠绕、损伤和损坏的原因,具体分析了胶辊缠绕的处理方式、胶辊轴承和罗拉轴承加油、牵伸卷绕部件清洗、车间胶辊胶圈更换方式对胶辊胶圈质量的影响及胶辊胶圈破损、破裂、划痕、划伤、龟裂、污染、损坏和缠绕的危害性.说明个别或局部胶辊胶圈的损伤、损坏是人为因素或管理因素造成的,是危害棉纱变异系数、棉纱疵点的主因,应重视纺纱车间的细节管理、制订标准化操作、集中更换或人工单锭处理缠绕胶辊,正确采用罗拉轴承的加油操作方法,合理车间规模单元,根据纺纱品种和生产环境制订牵伸卷绕部分的清洁次数,是减少胶辊胶圈损伤、损坏的重点,也是保证纺纱质量的关键.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity by the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb

In the present study, the methanol extract from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. was investigated on rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This extract enriched in polyphenols, showed a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with maltose as a substrate in enzyme assay. The extract was then applied to MCI-gel column chromatography with a water–methanol gradient to give three fractions: fraction 1 (F-1, water), fraction 2 (F-2, 80% methanol in water), and fraction 3 (F-3, 100% methanol). F-2 showed the highest maltase inhibitory activity compared with F-1 and F-3, and down-regulated α-glucosidase activity for the maltose hydrolysis in Caco-2 monolayer. In maltose-loaded SD-rats, F-2 significantly reduced postprandial blood glucose level. 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid was found to be the potent maltase inhibitor, whereas chlorogenic acid and rutin showed a weak inhibitory activity against maltase. This is the first report on the mammalian α-glucosdiase inhibition of L. japonica. The result presented here suggests a use of the extract of L. japonica for antidiabetes.     

料型对蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究

研究料型对蛋鸡生产性能的影响及其对蛋鸡养分代谢和肠道形态的影响。将30周龄海兰褐蛋鸡216只按每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡随机分为2组,分别饲喂粉状料和颗粒料日粮,试验期84 d。结果表明,与颗粒料组相比,粉料组产蛋率提高4.98%(P<0.05),料蛋比、平均蛋重和采食量分别降低5.53%(P<0.05)1、.03%(P<0.05)和2.22%(P<0.05);37周龄,粉料组蛋壳厚度比颗粒料组提高3.08%(P<0.05);粉料组蛋鸡啄癖行为显著低于颗粒料组(P<0.05);粉料组蛋鸡对粗蛋白和钙的表观代谢率分别比颗粒料组提高4.30%(P<0.05)和2.62%(P<0.05);粉料组蛋鸡十二指肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值分别比颗粒料组增加28.14%(P<0.05)和37.62%(P<0.05)。说明粉状料通过改善小肠的形态结构和提高养分利用率,从而有效提高商品蛋鸡的生产性能、改善部分蛋品指标和减少蛋鸡的啄癖行为。     

茶多酚的提取及微胶囊化工艺研究

本文采用正交实验，对影响茶叶中茶多酚浸出率及茶多酚微胶囊化包埋效果的因素进行分析，确定茶多酚的提取及微胶囊化工艺条件。结果表明：茶多酚最佳浸提条件为：茶叶末用70％的乙醇溶液室温下浸提二次，每次1h：茶多酚微囊化包埋最佳条件为：采用3％的海藻酸钠（海藻酸钠：茶多酚=3：1）、1％壳聚糖和3％的氯化钙体系，用一步法制备茶多酚微胶囊，该微胶囊在体外模拟胃、肠液中约2h中达到茶多酚释放峰值，表现出较好的缓释效果。     

羟丙基和磷酸酯化对不同玉米杂交种淀粉糊化特性的影响

采用了实验室方法提取了高直链、糯性和普通玉米杂交种的淀粉，并分别进行了羟丙基化和磷酸酯化反应。采用快速粘度分析仪（RVA）和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）分别分析了淀粉的糊化和热力学性质。结果表明：羟丙基化和磷酸酯化反应都不同程度地降低了所有淀粉的热焓值和糊化温度，缩短了出峰时间，增加了峰值粘度。二者相比，羟丙基化更显著地降低了原淀粉的糊化温度和热焓值，缩短了出峰时间；而磷酸酯化则更明显地提高了原淀粉的峰值粘度和终粘度．