Genetic Dissection of Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Genotype-by-Environment Interaction in Maize

Genotype-by-environment interaction (G-by-E) is a common but potentially problematic phenomenon in plant breeding. In this study, we investigated the genotypic performance and two measures of plasticity on a phenotypic and genetic level by assessing 234 maize doubled haploid lines from six populations for 15 traits in seven macro-environments with a focus on varying soil phosphorus levels. It was found intergenic regions contributed the most to the variation of phenotypic linear plasticity. For 15 traits, 124 and 31 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for genotypic performance and phenotypic plasticity, respectively. Further, some genes associated with phosphorus use efficiency, such as Zm00001eb117170, Zm00001eb258520, and Zm00001eb265410, encode small ubiquitin-like modifier E3 ligase were identified. By significantly testing the main effect and G-by-E effect, 38 main QTL and 17 interaction QTL were identified, respectively, in which MQTL38 contained the gene Zm00001eb374120, and its effect was related to phosphorus concentration in the soil, the lower the concentration, the greater the effect. Differences in the size and sign of the QTL effect in multiple environments could account for G-by-E. At last, the superiority of G-by-E in genomic selection was observed. In summary, our findings will provide theoretical guidance for breeding P-efficient and broadly adaptable varieties.     

Conservation Study of Imprinted Genes in Maize Triparental Heterozygotic Kernels

Genomic imprinting is a classic epigenetic phenomenon related to the uniparental expression of genes. Imprinting variability exists in seeds and can contribute to observed parent-of-origin effects on seed development. Here, we conducted allelic expression of the embryo and endosperm from four crosses at 11 days after pollination (DAP). First, the F1 progeny of B73(♀) × Mo17(♂) and the inducer line CAU5 were used as parents to obtain reciprocal crosses of BM-C/C-BM. Additionally, the F1 progeny of Mo17(♀) × B73(♂) and CAU5 were used as parents to obtain reciprocal crosses of MB-C/C-MB. In total, 192 and 181 imprinted genes were identified in the BM-C/C-BM and MB-C/C-MB crosses, respectively. Then, by comparing the allelic expression of these imprinted genes in the reciprocal crosses of B73 and CAU5 (BC/CB), fifty-one Mo17-added non-conserved genes were identified as exhibiting imprinting variability. Fifty-one B73-added non-conserved genes were also identified by comparing the allelic expression of imprinted genes identified in BM-C/C-BM, MB-C/C-MB and MC/CM crosses. Specific Gene Ontology (GO) terms were not enriched in B73-added/Mo17-added non-conserved genes. Interestingly, the imprinting status of these genes was less conserved across other species. The cis-element distribution, tissue expression and subcellular location were similar between the B73-added/Mo17-added conserved and B73-added/Mo17-added non-conserved imprinted genes. Finally, genotypic and phenotypic analysis of one non-conserved gene showed that the mutation and overexpression of this gene may affect embryo and kernel size, which indicates that these non-conserved genes may also play an important role in kernel development. The findings of this study will be helpful for elucidating the imprinting mechanism of genes involved in maize kernel development.     

Fascaplysin Induces Apoptosis and Ferroptosis,and Enhances Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) by Promoting PD-L1 Expression

Fascaplysin is a natural product isolated from sponges with a wide range of anticancer activities. However, the mechanism of fascaplysin against NSCLC has not been clearly studied. In this study, fascaplysin was found to inhibit migration by regulating the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reversing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype. Further research showed that the anti-NSCLC effect of fascaplysin was mainly through the induction of ferroptosis and apoptosis. Fascaplysin-induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, evidenced by increased levels of ROS and Fe²⁺ and downregulation of ferroptosis-associated protein and endoplasmic reticulum stress, was involved in fascaplysin-induced ferroptosis. In addition, ROS was found to mediate fascaplysin-induced apoptosis. Fascaplysin significantly upregulated the expression of PD-L1 in lung cancer cells, and enhanced anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic mouse model. Therefore, these results suggest that fascaplysin exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis in vitro, and improving the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in vivo. Fascaplysin is a promising compound for the treatment of NSCLC.     

基于非下采样 Contourlet 变换耦合特征选择 机制的可见光与红外图像融合算法

为了克服当下较多可见光与红外图像融合方法因忽略了光谱特征而导致融合图像存在光谱扭曲、目标内容显著度较差等不足,提出了非下采样Contourlet变换(nonsubsampled contourlet transform, NSCT)耦合特征选择机制的图像融合算法。首先,通过NSCT对可见光与红外图像计算,分离出其不同图像系数。然后,利用信息熵函数,度量图像所含信息量的丰富度,以形成低频系数的融合系数,得到富含红外目标等丰富信息的融合低频系数。采用像素点的邻点信息,度量图像的清晰度特征,并引入均值函数,度量图像的光谱特征,再联合图像的清晰度特征,构造特征选择机制,从图像中选择理想的高频系数融合函数,获取兼顾细节特征和光谱特征的融合高频系数。最后,通过实验结果发现,较现有的融合算法而言,所提算法拥有更好的融合质量,更好地保持了图像的光谱特征,且目标内容显著。     

英岗岭矿务局桥二矿下步勘查设想

1 桥二煤矿矿井范围与勘察情况 1968年桥二煤矿建井时其井田范围仅在小老冲背斜北西边 ,面积约1.2 km2,据2004年10月江西省国土资源厅颁发的采矿许可证,井田范围仍在小老冲背斜北西边,但面积仅有0.851 km2,有33个矿区边界拐点,开采深度在-100 m至-230 m标高间.2005年4月经江西省国土资源厅"赣采复字[2005]0035号"文采矿登记,井田范围越过小老冲背斜往东南边桥一煤矿扩界,面积增至2.5231 km2,开采深度在-50 m至-380 m标高间.目前桥二煤矿的范围基本包括历史上的桥二矿和桥一矿.     

基于高斯过程模型的多源点云数据融合方法

多传感器测量技术被认为是表面计量学中一个很有效的解决方案。 针对多源数据的融合问题,本文提出了一种基于高 斯过程模型的多源点云数据融合框架。 首先,提出一种自适应距离的鲁棒点云配准方法统一不同测量数据集的坐标系;然后, 通过引入平差理论,对来自不同传感器的多个独立数据集之间的残差进行近似,构建基于 Matern 核函数的高斯过程模型;最 后,通过仿真模拟和实际应用,与现有方法进行了一系列对比实验,验证了该方法的有效性。 实验结果表明,该方法能以更高的 融合精度和更快的计算效率融合多传感器数据集。     

基于改进 YOLOX 的电铲铲齿断裂检测方法

电铲是露天采矿中广泛使用的一种大型机械挖掘设备。 在挖掘过程中,铲齿与矿石长时间的直接冲击会造成铲齿过早 的松动甚至断裂,从而导致电铲计划外的停机和生产力的损失。 针对这个问题,提出了一种基于改进 YOLOX 的电铲铲齿断裂 检测方法。 该方法以 YOLOX 为基础,首先针对受光照不均匀等影响导致检测效果差的问题,在特征金字塔网络加入扩张卷积 注意力机制增强目标在复杂背景中的显著度;其次使用 CEIOU(corner efficient intersection over union)损失函数代替原网络损失 函数优化网络的训练过程,进而提高目标的检测精度;最后考虑嵌入式设备本身的计算能力问题,利用模型压缩策略裁剪网络 中冗余通道,减少模型体积并提高检测速度。 在自主构建的 4 200 张 WK-10 型电铲数据集上进行性能测试,实验结果表明:与 YOLOX 网络模型相比,改进后模型的平均检测精度达到了 95. 37%,提高了 1. 95%,检测速度为 46. 1 fps,提升了 8. 4 fps,模型体 积为 31. 74 MB,减少到原来的 32. 9%。 对比多种其他现存方法,所设计的目标检测算法有着精度高、体积小和速度快的优势。     

燃气加臭广义预测精准控制算法研究

燃气加臭浓度精准控制对保证燃气的安全运输和使用具有重要作用。但由于缺乏对终端用户处实际燃气加臭浓度的监控,现有以燃气流量比例开环控制为代表的线性控制算法难以取得很好的控制效果。为此,基于开环阶跃响应最小二乘法辨识,以燃气终端用户处的加臭剂浓度为控制对象,建立了燃气加臭过程的CARIMA模型,在传统广义预测控制基础上提出了一种改进型广义预测控制算法,并通过燃气加臭控制的仿真测试和现场实验验证了该控制算法的可行性。研究结果表明,相较于常规的燃气流量比例开环控制,改进型广义预测控制算法可实时在线精准控制终端用户处的加臭剂浓度,稳态误差小于2 mg/m³,工况变化时超调量小于10%,平均绝对误差小于1.5 mg/m³,可以满足燃气加臭过程精准控制需要。研究成果在提高燃气加臭效率和质量的同时,起到了节约成本和提升燃气安全的作用,具有良好的应用价值。     

联合频谱映射与掩蔽估计的协作式语音增强方法

为提高目前基于掩蔽与基于频谱映射的语音增强方法性能上界以及复杂环境下的泛化能力,提出了一种在联合复频谱 与复掩蔽学习框架下的协作式单通道语音增强方法。 该方法采用编码器-双分支解码器结构,在编解码部分设计了一种交互协 作学习单元(ICU)来监督交互语音信息流,并提供有效的潜在特征空间;中间层则是设计出一种多尺度融合 Transformer,以少 量参数在空间-通道维度上多尺度地提取细节信息后融合输出,同时对语音子频带与全频带信息建模。 在大、小数据集与 115 种噪声环境下进行实验,结果表明该方法仅以 0. 57 M 的参数量,取得比大部分先进且相关方法更优的主、客观指标,具有良好 的鲁棒性与有效性。     

重力浓缩过程中底流浓度和比浓缩面积的确定

研究了重力浓缩过程中特征浓度线与沉积曲线之间的关系,利用两相流波理论分析了特征浓度线的初始性质．在此基础上,推导出计算连续浓缩机底流浓度和比浓缩面积的公式,并验证了这种新方法的可行性．