平板宽波导激光器直流放电特性研究

研究了平板宽波导激光器的直流放电特性和放电区内的气体温度分布。实验和理论分析表明,在给定放电区内最大气体温升的情况下．放电区内所允许的最大注入功率与放电面积成正比,即在直流电激励下平板宽波导激光器具有功率“面积放大”功能。从而为中、大功率ＣＯ２激光器小型化研究提供了新的途径。     

Modelling the removal of organic vehicle from ceramic or metal mouldings: The effect of gas permeation on the incidence of defects

A shrinking undegraded core and a porous outer layer result, if the organic vehicle used for shaping ceramic or metal powder mouldings recedes in the interparticle space of the moulded body during pyrolysis. In the present work, a numerical model has been used which simulates the undegraded shrinking core situation and quantifies degradation of the organic vehicle and the diffusion of the resulting products in solution in the organic phase during pyrolysis of a ceramic moulding. This model is extended to include gaseous mass transport in the porous outer layer for a moulding in the shape of an infinite cylinder. The effect of resistance to gaseous mass transport in the porous outer region on defects originating in inner regions was estimated. It is shown that the greatest obstruction to mass transport is diffusion of degradation products in solution in the organic phase. However, the permeability coefficient for gas transport in the outer region begins to affect the critical heating rate required for avoidance of defects only when it is less than 10^–15m².Nomenclature C Concentration,C=C (r, t), based on the total volume of ceramic suspension - d Effective molecular diameter of alphamethylstyrene - D Diffusion coefficient,D=D (C, T) - e Porosity of powder - E Activation energy for thermal degradation - h Remaining weight fraction of polymer - H_vap Enthalphy of vaporization - i Node number - I Pre-exponential constant in Equation 13 - j Time step - K _p Permeability coefficient - K ₀ Specific rate constant - m Mass of monomer displaced - M Mass of one alphamethylstyrene molecule - P Monomer vapour pressure - P _s Monomer vapour pressure at outer surface of the cylinder - P ₁ ⁰ Vapour pressure of monomer over its pure liquid - Q Rate of production of monomer, based on the total volume of ceramic suspension - r Radius of the cylinder - r _j Distance from central axis to the inner surface of the porous layer at time stepj - r ₀ Initial radius of the cylinder - R Universal gas constant - S ₀ Specific surface area of powder per unit solid volume - t Time - T Absolute temperature - T _c Temperature at maximum vapour pressure of monomer and atZ _c - V Volume of monomer - V _c Ceramic volume fraction - V _p Polymer volume fraction - w Mass of monomer stored in the porous annulus - Z Heating rate - Z _c Critical heating rate - ₁ Volume fraction of monomer in the polymer-monomer solution - Viscosity of the monomer vapour - _p Density of the polymer - Polymer-monomer interaction constant     

基于域自适应的红外图像去噪算法

在红外图像去噪任务中,由于真实的红外噪声图像难以大量获取,而使深度学习算法高度依赖于人工合成噪声,无法很好地去除真实的红外噪声。本文提出一种基于域自适应的红外图像去噪算法,包括一个图像转换模块和两个图像去噪模块。首先利用图像转换模块将合成红外噪声图像和真实红外噪声图像相互转换,然后将转换后的图像和原图像作为去噪模块的训练数据,采用一致性损失函数使两个图像去噪模块产生一致的结果,最后将训练后的去噪网络框架用于红外图像去噪任务。实验表明,本文提出的算法与BM3D、DnCNN和ADNet算法相比在合成红外噪声数据集上有更高的指标数值和更好的视觉效果,在真实红外噪声数据集上有同样优秀的去噪效果。证明了该算法具有良好的泛化能力,能够在真实噪声下恢复清晰的红外图像。     

高铁场景下联合天线与IOS单元选择的分布式IOS-SM传输方案

针对高铁场景下封闭车厢带来的高信号穿透损耗导致传输速率下降问题,提出一种分布式智能全表面（intelligent omni-surface,IOS）辅助空间调制（spatial modulation,SM）的传输方案。首先,采用SM技术保证索引信息部分不受穿透损耗的影响;然后,为了减小远距离IOS车窗的高路径损耗和功率损耗,根据最大化接收信噪比原则对分布式IOS遍历选择,激活最佳IOS车窗传输SM调制信息。最后,为了减小缺失直视路径增益对系统容量性能的影响,基于功率损耗模型,采用天线移除原则和排序选择方式,对接收天线和IOS单元进行动态选择激活。仿真结果表明,相比于传统中继转发和可重构智能超表面-空间调制（reconfigurable intelligence surface-SM,RIS-SM）方案,所提方案更适合高铁通信场景。并且在功率损耗模型下,联合天线与IOS单元选择的分布式IOS-SM方案仍能够保证系统高性能传输。     

不同鉴别阈值条件下SiPM光子计数激光雷达探测模型及性能分析

硅光电倍增管（Silicon Photomultiplier, SiPM）具有极高的探测灵敏度和响应速度,且在多光子条件下具有较高的动态范围以及线性响应的特性,在光子计数激光雷达应用中有独特的优势。然而,由于SiPM多像元、单时间通道的工作模式,其输出电压信号相较于其他单光子探测器更大概率出现脉冲堆叠现象,不同鉴别阈值条件下的SiPM探测过程更为复杂。针对该问题,本文建立了SiPM光子事件响应模型,以此为基础分析了由脉冲堆叠引发的屏蔽效应和触发效应两种特殊情况的时域分布,最终建立了SiPM半解析的探测概率与虚警概率模型。同时,搭建了基于SiPM探测器的光子计数雷达系统,通过观察实测输出电压波形以及光子点云分布与理论模型相符（R²>0.95）。通过查全率与查准率对不同鉴别阈值的SiPM光子点云分布进行定量评价,并给出最优鉴别阈值区间,这对基于SiPM的光子计数激光雷达系统硬件参数的优化设计以及探测性能的定量分析具有重要的指导意义。     

被动踝足外骨骼对平地行走时运动表现的影响

被动踝关节外骨骼(unpowered-ankle exoskeleton)可实现人体步态行走良好辅助作用,但对其助行增强效果研究多局限于跑步机行走范式,现少有在平地行走下穿戴外骨骼对穿戴者运动生物力学影响的研究。本研究设计组装了一款低成本模块化的被动踝关节外骨骼,首次研究了平地行走下穿戴被动踝关节外骨骼对健康年轻穿戴者肌肉激活与运动表现的影响。实验招募5名穿戴者,在无外骨骼、仅穿戴外骨骼框架和穿戴外骨骼3种实验条件下完成直线行走任务,过程中同步采集人体下肢主要肌群的肌电和关节运动轨迹。提取了肌电激活特征和关节角度特征,采用双因素方差分析方法揭示了不同外骨骼穿戴状态对相关特征的影响。结果表明,外骨骼框架会对人体提供支撑,降低站立阶段腓肠肌内侧肌肉激活。而穿戴外骨骼在站立阶段使腓肠肌内侧的平均肌肉激活显著降低20%,也显著降低了踝关节的峰值力矩及功率。外骨骼会使髋膝关节的运动学和动力学表现发生变化,这可能与下肢关节间的能量交换有关。因此,被动踝关节外骨骼可在平地行走下对踝关节实现支撑相和推离阶段有效辅助,但穿戴者同时也会适应外骨骼穿戴而改变其步态。     

源荷双边参与的高比例新能源电力系统能量与备用市场联合出清方法

风光出力的随机性与反调峰特性增加了电网对新能源的消纳难度。利用源侧、荷侧的灵活可调节特性,设计源荷双边参与规则,引导源荷进行跨时间的双向功率协调以支撑清洁能源高效消纳。首先,梳理源荷双边参与的基本原则与原理,明确交易主体、品种以及模式并设计其参与规则。然后,基于源荷双边参与规则,构建计及源荷双边参与的日前能量与备用联合优化调度模型,在促进新能源消纳的同时降低工业用户用电成本。其次,针对多场景混合整数规划的求解难题,采用改进的渐进式对冲分解算法进行求解,通过启发式的变量“固定-筛选-松弛”,保证模型的收敛性。最后,基于IEEE 118系统进行算例分析,验证了所提能量与备用联合出清模型在促进新能源消纳方面的有效性。     

新型LTCC高隔离低插损3dB90°电桥设计

基于宽边耦合带状线结构,该文设计了一种基于低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)技术的高隔离低插损3 dB 90°电桥。该电桥使用螺旋耦合线有效地减小了器件尺寸,同时以对称式结构建模更便于后期的优化调整。在宽边螺旋耦合带状线垂直方向引入一个伸入式可调隔离电容,极大地提高了该电桥的隔离度,使其可达27 dB,且插入损耗≤0.2 dB,较之传统的定向耦合器结构,其在提升性能的同时大幅减小了器件尺寸。对耦合线直角拐弯处的电场强度进行分析与优化,采用45°斜切的方式使拐角处的电场强度与直线处大致相等。对上接地金属板进行环形镂空处理,这将改善带内的幅度平衡度。该文设计的3 dB 90°电桥通带为0.96~1.53 GHz,插入损耗≤0.2 dB,幅度平衡度≤±0.7 dB,相位平衡度为90°±1°,隔离度≥27 dB,其具有良好的应用市场。     

一种电力光传输网运行状态评估方法

针对现有电力光传输网评估方法考虑方面单一、主观性占比多等问题,提出了一种电力光传输网运行状态评估方法。首先从设备、光缆和系统3个维度选取指标,从网络规模、运行质量和管理因素3个方面建立评估指标体系,设计重叠信息分析法对评估指标体系进行优化。其次改进基于区间模糊层次分析法和熵权法的主客观组合权重赋值法计算指标权重。然后设计基于模糊综合评价法、效用函数法、可拓耦合评价法以及组合评估方法的运行状态评估算法评估光传输网运行状态。通过真实实例分析,验证了该方法能够更加全面、客观地评估光传输网的运行状态,辨识电力光传输网薄弱环节,为运维、检修和规划建设提供参考。     

Single-Atom Metal Sites Anchored Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Superior “Two-In-One” Photocatalytic Reaction

Photoredox catalysis is a green solution for organics transformation and CO₂ conversion into valuable fuels, meeting the challenges of sustainable energy and environmental concerns. However, the regulation of single-atomic active sites in organic framework not only influences the photoredox performance, but also limits the understanding of the relationship for photocatalytic selective organic conversion with CO₂ valorization into one reaction system. As a prototype, different single-atomic metal (M) sites (M²⁺ = Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (M-HOF) backbone with bridging structure of metal-nitrogen are constructed by a typical “two-in-one” strategy for superior photocatalytic C N coupling reactions integrated with CO₂ valorization. Remarkably, Zn-HOF achieves 100% conversion of benzylamine oxidative coupling reactions, 91% selectivity of N-benzylidenebenzylamine and CO₂ conversion in one photoredox cycle. From X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations, the superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to synergic effect of atomically dispersed metal sites and HOF host, decreasing the reaction energy barriers, enhancing CO₂ adsorption and forming benzylcarbamic acid intermediate to promote the redox recycle. This work not only affords the rational design strategy of single-atom active sites in functional HOF, but also facilitates the fundamental insights upon the mechanism of versatile photoredox coupling reaction systems.