用于车辆导航仪中的自动快速寻北系统

本文是陆地车辆导航仪中快速自动寻北系统研制结果的一个总结报告,包括系统的组成原理、硬件设计、软件设计．本文最后还给出了系统的误差分析．     

Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Denmark in 1992

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing all over the world, including in countries with a high standard of living and good social security. Denmark represents such a region. Furthermore, it is a small country (5 million inhabitants) with a long tradition in TB control, including a centralization of the bacteriological diagnostic facility. The present study was intended to analyze the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a country in which TB has low endemicity by a combination of conventional epidemiological approaches and DNA fingerprinting techniques, whereby individual bacterial strains can be traced. M. tuberculosis isolates from 92% of all new cases of bacteriologically verified TB in Denmark during 1992 were subjected to IS6110 DNA fingerprinting to visualize the DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the isolated strains. The data obtained from the RFLP analyses were interpreted by using demographic data, such as age, sex, ethnicity, and residence, for the patients. The risk factors among the patients for being part of an active chain of transmission, as opposed to demonstrating reactivation of a previously acquired latent infection, were estimated by statistical analyses. The magnitude of TB transmission in 1992 in Denmark was determined, and transmitted infections were shown to comprise at least one quarter of the total number of cases. Almost half of the TB cases involved patients of foreign origin. However, most of these isolates showed unique DNA fingerprint patterns and were rarely part of an active chain of transmission. The major chains of recent transmission were localized to distinct geographical regions in the country. TB is frequent among immigrants, especially from Asia and Africa, but it is apparently readily suspected, diagnosed, and treated by the health care system. Danish patients with pulmonary symptoms are not primarily suspected to have TB and, therefore, play an important role in recent TB transmission in Denmark.     

High-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell infusion in patients with non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma: results of outpatient treatment in community cancer centers

There is interest in the role of growth factors in the genesis of arterial remodeling. We studied local administration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to coronary lesions to determine whether there is a difference in remodeling and whether neovascularization could be induced in such stenoses and distal myocardium. Pigs were randomized to balloon infusion of either saline or bFGF at each thermally injured arterial site. After the animals were killed, their internal elastic lamina, neointima, and lumen areas were measured. Capillaries were counted in the arteries and myocardium. There was a greater loss of lumen and internal elastic in the bFGF group. The neointima, media, and myocardium in the bFGF treated arteries had statistically more capillaries. This study showed that local intracoronary bFGF, at a dose that results in arterial luminal revascularization in injured segments, adversely affects arterial remodeling. Thus, the angiogenic response to exogenous bFGF may be offset by concomitant shrinkage of injured arterial segments.     

Tyrosine structural changes detected during the photoactivation of rhodopsin

We present the first Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of an isotope-labeled eukaryotic membrane protein. A combination of isotope labeling and FTIR difference spectroscopy was used to investigate the possible involvement of tyrosines in the photoactivation of rhodopsin (Rho). Rho --> MII difference spectra were obtained at 10 degrees C for unlabeled recombinant Rho and isotope-labeled L-[ring-2H4]Tyr-Rho expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells grown on a stringent culture medium containing enriched L-[ring-2H4]Tyr and isolated using a His6 tag. A comparison of these difference spectra revealed reproducible changes in bands that correspond to tyrosine and tyrosinate vibrational modes. A similar pattern of tyrosine/tyrosinate bands has also been observed in the bR --> M transition in bacteriorhodopsin, although the sign of the bands is reversed. In bacteriorhodopsin, these bands were assigned to Tyr-185, which along with Pro-186 in the F-helix, may form a hinge that facilitates alpha-helix movement.     

A basic approach to the interpretation of the exercise test

For primary care physicians, exercise testing is a cost-effective tool to evaluate patients presenting with symptoms. It helps to stratify those with probable coronary artery disease into a high-risk group needing referral and a low-risk group that can be observed. Each of the five main responses--the presence of myocardial ischemia, the heart rate and blood pressure response, the symptoms, any dysrhythmias, and the maximal aerobic capacity--should be mentioned in the final report. A suggested format for the exercise test report is shown in Table 4. Using the tools of pretest and post-test probability, the severity of disease, and the exercise treadmill scores greatly aids the primary care physician in the management of the patient evaluated with an exercise test.     

Growth and characterization of vacuum sublimed PbTe crystals

Abstract

PbTe crystals have been grown by a closed‐tube vacuum sublimation technique. Steps in the preparation of the crystals include (i) purification of the starting materials, (ii) synthesis and purification of the PbTe, and (iii) growth of PbTe crystals. This paper describes the optimum growth conditions and some investigations on the physical properties of the grown crystals.     

Using a new strategy to optimize the bump design parameters in flip chip packages

Flip chip technology has rapidly progressed in concert with the high speed and small dimension trends in electronic devices. The bump interconnects design dominates the performance of a flip chip package. This study produced a new strategy to optimize the geometric design parameters of the bump from the electrical standpoint. The first incident voltage was employed as the optimization objective function in order to reduce the response time delay in the binary command as well as maintain the chip level efficiency. Genetic algorithms were used for the search routines to evaluate the best bump geometric solutions. Two cases, 1.5 v V and 3.3 v V power supply voltage, were adopted to conduct this research in both air and underfill environments. The results show that the standoff height and the bump pitch determined in the underfill environment are greater than in the air environment. As the power supply voltage increases, the standoff height and bump pitch become more significant. A powerful optimal window for bump design parameters is thus established.     

Genetic programming for predicting aseismic abilities of school buildings

In general, the aseismic ability of buildings is analyzed using nonlinear models. To obtain aseismic abilities of buildings, numerical models are constructed based on the structural configuration and material properties of buildings, and their stress responses and behaviors are simulated. This method is complex, time-consuming, and should only be conducted by professionals. In the past, soft computing techniques have been applied in the construction field to predict the particular stress responses and behaviors; however, only a few studies have been made to predict specific properties of entire buildings. In this study, a weighted genetic programming system is developed to construct the relation models between the aseismic capacity of school buildings, and their basic design parameters. This is based on information from the database of school buildings, as well as information regarding the aseismic capacity of school buildings analyzed using complete nonlinear methods. This system can be further applied to predict the aseismic capacity of the school buildings.