Second generation waste package design and storage concept for the Yucca Mountain Repository

The reference waste package design and operating mode to be used in the Yucca Mountain Repository is reviewed. An alternate (second generation) operating concept and waste package design is proposed to reduce the risk of localized corrosion of waste packages and to reduce repository costs. The second generation waste package design and storage concept is proposed for implementation after the initial licensing and operation of the reference repository design. Implementation of the second generation concept at Yucca Mountain would follow regulatory processes analogous to those used successfully to extend the design life and uprate the power of commercial light water nuclear reactors in the United States. The second generation concept utilizes the benefits of hot dry storage to minimize the potential for localized corrosion of the waste package by liquid electrolytes. The second generation concept permits major reductions in repository costs by increasing the number of fuel assemblies stored in each waste package, by eliminating the need for titanium drip shields and by fabricating the outer container from corrosion resistant low alloy carbon steel.     

笔记本电脑

如果你曾经看过去年的《微型计算机》增刊，也许还记得《你的第二台电脑之笔记本电脑》。如果说我们去年写的像是一篇恋受攻略，试图让各位比较清晰地了解并找到适合自己的笔记本电脑。[编者按]     

Reading the footprints of strained islands

We report on recent advances in the understanding of surface processes occurring during growth and post-growth annealing of strained islands which may find application as self-assembled quantum dots. We investigate the model system SiGe/Si(0 0 1) by a new approach based on “reading the footprints” which islands leave on the substrate during their growth and evolution. Such footprints consist of trenches carved in the Si substrate. We distinguish between surface footprints and footprints buried below the islands. The former allow us to discriminate islands which are in the process of growing from those which are shrinking. Islands with steep morphologies grow at the expense of smaller and shallower islands, consistent with the kinetics of anomalous coarsening. While shrinking, islands change their shape according to thermodynamic predictions. Buried footprints are investigated by removing the SiGe epilayer by means of selective wet chemical etching. Their reading shows that: (i) during post-growth annealing islands move laterally because of surface-mediated Si–Ge intermixing; (ii) a tree-ring structure of trenches is created by dislocated islands during their “cyclic” growth. This allows us to distinguish coherent from dislocated islands and to establish whether the latter are the result of island coalescence.     

Variable-Gain Controllers for Nonlinear Systems Using the T–S Fuzzy Model

This correspondence proposes two novel control schemes with variable state-feedback gain to stabilize a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system. The T-S fuzzy model is expressed as a linear plant with nonlinear disturbance terms in both schemes. In controller I, the T-S fuzzy model is expressed as a linear plant around a nominal plant arbitrarily selected from the set of linear subsystems that the T-S fuzzy model consists of. The variable gain then becomes a function of a gain parameter that is computed to neutralize the effect of disturbance term, which is, in essence, the deviation of the actual system dynamics from the nominal plant as the system traverses a specific trajectory. This controller is shown to stabilize the T-S fuzzy model. In controller II, individual linear subsystems are locally stabilized. Fuzzy blending of individual control actions is shown to make the T-S fuzzy system Lyapunov stable. Although applicability of both control schemes depends on the norm bound of unmatched state disturbance, this constraint is relaxed further in controller II. The efficacy of controllers I and II has been tested on two nonlinear systems     

用Web服务构筑企业应用集成

向 B2 B电子商务迁移是现代企业的发展方向 ,迁移的前提是要有良好的企业内部应用集成和商务流程的集成。针对当前企业内部应用集成应用中存在的问题 ,文章引入了一种新的企业内部应用集成解决方案——用 Web服务搭建企业内部的应用集成 ,阐述了在企业内部如何应用 Web服务实现高效率、低代价的应用集成和商业流程重组     

压力下屏蔽对有限深量子阱中施主结合能的影响

考虑电子有效质量、材料介电常数及禁带宽度随流体静压力的变化,以及准二维电子气对杂质库仑势的屏蔽影响,利用变分法讨论有限深量子阱中的施主杂质态能级.对GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs量子阱系统中的杂质态结合能进行了数值计算,给出结合能随铝组分、阱宽和压力的变化关系,并讨论了有无屏蔽时的区别.结果表明,屏蔽效应随着压力增加而增加且显著降低杂质态的结合能.     

Crystal structure of an anti-anti-idiotype shows it to be self-complementary

The structure of the Fab fragment of the mouse anti-anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) GH1002 was solved by X-ray crystallography. mAb GH1002 was elicited with the syngeneic anti-idiotype mAb MK2-23 which mimics the determinant defined by anti-human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) mAb 763.74. The Fab fragments of mAb GH1002 exist in the crystal as dimers related by crystallographic 2-fold axes. The interface between dyad-related Fab fragments is formed primarily by interaction of the hypervariable loops of one with the other. The self-interaction of Fab fragments of anti-anti-idiotypic mAb GH1002 through their combining sites is extremely tight and intricate, closely resembling that observed in structures of id-anti-id complexes, and comparable in terms of total contact area, charge complementarity, and number of hydrogen bonds. The self-complementarity of the antibody observed here could be coincidental and thus reflect some non-specific binding capability. It might, on the other hand, be immunologically relevant and exemplify a certain degree of evolved self complementarity characteristic of antibodies participating in idiotypic cascades.     

Hydrothermal-electrochemical deposition of hydroxyapatite

Age-related differences in the trajectories of saccadic eye movements were examined. Younger and older adult subjects produced saccades to predictable target locations. Detailed features of the movements were examined such as the time of peak acceleration and the variability in the magnitude of the peak velocity. These and other measures reveal important details of the force pulses underlying the eye movements and the mental mechanisms that control them. Although minor differences were apparent between the eye movements of younger and older adults, the general patterns were the same across age groups. These results suggest that fundamental details of the brain mechanisms involved in the control of movement are the same for younger and older adults.     

Loading time history for tornado-generated missiles

Nuclear power plant structures in the USA are designed for impact by tornado-generated missiles. The design load for flexure and shear can be obtained from the deceleration of the missile on impact. The paper gives a simple method to determine the deceleration of the most critical pipe missile. Results, obtained by the simple method, are compared with full-scale test results. The comparisons between the predicted and actual deceleration time histories show excellent correlation.     

Temperature-dependent electrical properties of plasma-grown gate oxides on tensile-strained Si0.993 C0.007 layers

Ultra-thin (<10 nm) gate oxides have been grown directly on tensile-strained Si_0.993 C_0.007 layers at a low temperature using microwave O₂-plasma. The changes in gate voltage (V_g), flat-band voltage (V_FB), oxide charge density (Q_ox/q) an interface state density (D_it) have been studied using a metal-oxide-semiconductor structure over the temperature range of 77–450 K. Inversion capacitance increases with temperature above 400 K, leading to a transition from high-frequency to low-frequency characteristics. The dominant types of charges in the oxide are found to be strongly temperature dependent. It is found that charge-trapping properties under Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) constant-current stressing are significantly improved with increasing temperature.