Light particle detection by BGO scintillators with photodiode readout

The applicability of a BGO crystal coupled to a photodiode for detection of light charged particles in the energy range of 5–170 MeV has been investigated. Energy resolution, light output and scintillation efficiency have been deduced from the data.     

Numerical analysis of ductile failure of undermatched interleaf in tension

Ductile failure of an interleaf tension specimen consisting of a metal interleaf bonded between two elastic substrates, with a crack located in the centre of the metal, is studied by means of detailed finite element (FE) analyses. The rate-independent version of the Gurson model is used. This accounts for ductile failure mechanisms of micro-void nucleation, growth and coalescence within the framework of a finite deformation plasticity theory. Also, the rapid evolution of void density due to coalescence, which leads to ultimate failure, is considered. The effect of the interleaf thickness on failure (crack initiation and limited amount of crack growth) is investigated. The results show that the interleaf thickness affects crack initiation only slightly. For all specimens considered, crack initiation takes place at the crack tip. However, after crack initiation, the interleaf thickness affects stress and strain distributions significantly. Reducing the interleaf thickness significantly increases the load-carrying capacity. Moreover, reducing the interleaf thickness increases the maximum hydrostatic stress in the interleaf, which is no longer developed at the crack tip but at a distance far away from the crack tip. The resulting fracture toughness thus decreases as the interleaf thickness decreases. The shielding of the crack tip due to constrained plasticity is observed at higher load levels for interleaf specimens. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

In-situ- und On-line-Überwachung und Regelung biotechnologischer Prozesse

In-Situ and On-Line Monitoring and Control of Biotechnological Processes. The advantages of in situ and on-line monitoring of biological production processes are demonstrated by four examples: production of baker's yeast, manufacturing of alkaline protease by B. licheniformis, formation of intracellular fusion protein by recombinant E. coli, and production of antibiotica by ascomycetes and streptomycetes.     

Development of a day care center. Case study on the process of the development of a special facility for the elderly

The author analyzes the program and methodology of comprehensive sociohygienic analysis of family health and requirements of a family in medicosocial care, which has been developed and tried. The program has been designed with consideration for social, medical, biological, sociological, and other characteristics of a family related to family structure, development stage, and functioning. Special indexes are offered for assessment of family health and structure and levels of family requirements in medicosocial care. Analysis of requirements of a young family and a family with an invalid child in health care is presented.     

Phänomenologische Untersuchungen zur Mischbarkeit von Polymeren

The compatibility of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)-copolymers with polymethylmethacrylate was investigated by means of optical methods, of electron microscopy and of torsion pendulum measurements. SAN-copolymers are compatible with polymethylmethacrylate in the range of 9 to 27 wt.-% of acrylonitrile. The comparison of the solubility parameter δ shows, that one cannot predict exactly the compatibility of polymers. However, a necessary but not sufficient condition seems to be      

Flow fields in electromagnetic stirring of rectangular strands with linear inductors: Part II. computation of flow fields in billets,blooms, and slabs of steel

The model presented in Part I of this series of papers is used to compute flow velocities in the longitudinal stirring of steel blooms and billets, and in the horizontal stirring of steel slabs. In longitudinal stirring of blooms and billets the reverse flow is on the side of the strand opposite to the inductor. The effects of penetration depth of the electromagnetic force, of the force itself, of the length of the stirrer, and of the width of the liquid core were determined. In horizontal stirring of slabs the reverse flow takes place outside of the stirrer region, forming the so-called butterfly stirring pattern. The characteristics of this flow field depend to a considerable extent on the width of the stirrer. The effects of stirrer width, of thickness of the liquid core, of force and of width of the slab were elucidated. The maximum velocities in both types of stirring are represented as simple formulae.     

Bruchzähigkeit von Härtungsgefügen des Werkzeugstahls 90 MnCrV 8

Thermische und thermomechanische Behandlungen an Kaltarbeitsstahl. Rißausbreitung unter statischer und schwingender Belastung. Einfluß von Restaustenit, Carbiden, Austenitkorngröße und Härte. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Gefüge und Bruchflächen.     

Hochtemperaturverhalten von Werkstoffen aus neuartig gefertigten Gasturbinenschaufeln

High temperature behaviour of materials for gas turbine blades manufactured in new technology On gas turbine blades for the middle and last stages of stationary gas turbines, the service-relevant material properties were examined. The specimens were taken from forged blades of alloys Nimonic 101 and Udimet 720 and from two fine grain versions of cast blades of alloy IN-792. In the range of service relevant temperatures long-term creep rupture tests, annealing tests, relaxations tests as well as low and high cycle fatigue tests were carried out.