Integrating working and learning: Two models of computer support

This paper describes theories and computer systems illustrating two innovative models of computer support for integrating working and learning. TheVdde system illustrates thedesign critiquing model helping individual professionals in analyzing current work situations, applying existing knowledge to these situations, and articulating new knowledge. The SmartMedia system illustrates thedomain construction model helping communities of practice to collaboratively evolve new ways of working.     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on experimental pancreas necrosis in pigs

A pancreatic necrosis was produced in 7 piglets by means of a sodiumdesoxycholacid trypsin mixture. 4 animals served as control. All animals get a basis-infusion therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) was applied additionally in 3 animals. All control animals survived. The three animals with HBO deceased in average after 22 days, those without HBO deceased already after 4.25 days. Laboratory and circulatory measures show no significant differences. The autopsy statements were different from the age of necrosis. The conclusion by the extension of the average survival time in experimental pancreatic necrosis by means of HBO is that the high lethality of the pancreatic necrosis can be reduced by means of HBO.     

光器件智能化生产测试解决方案

经过优化的测试流程和解决方案可提高光器件生产速度，降低测试成本，介绍了几种光器件智能化测试解决方案。     

Rhodium‐Catalyzed Bis‐Hydroaminomethylation of Linear Aliphatic Alkenes with Piperazine

An efficient protocol was developed to prepare a series of dialkylpiperazines via Rh‐catalyzed bis‐hydroaminomethylation of linear aliphatic alkenes with piperazine. The well‐known Rh/Biphephos catalytic system was applied, yielding the desired dialkylpiperazines within six tandem catalytic steps, already at low catalyst loadings of 0.1 mol%. For the model alkene 1‐octene, good yields and linearities of 80% and 77:23, respectively, were achieved under optimized conditions. Influences on the catalytic system regarding n/iso ratio, possible side reactions and the reaction path are discussed on the basis of yield vs. time plots and parameter optimization. With the developed general protocol, other linear, functionalized and branched substrates were effectively transformed to the corresponding linear N,N‐disubstituted piperazines.

     

Analysis and sorption of psychoactive drugs onto sediment

An analytical method was developed to analyze eight psychoactive pharmaceuticals--including the antiepileptic carbamazepine, the opiates morphine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, the opiode tramadol, and the tranquilizers diazepam, oxazepam, temazepam--and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole as well as three metabolites (10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine (DHC), 10,11-dihydroxy-10, 11-dihydrocarbamazepine, and N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole) in river sediments. Relative recoveries of all analytes exceeded 97% using either deuterated or 13C15N-labeled surrogate standards. Sorption isotherms of all analytes were constructed at pH 6.5-6.6 on two natural river sediments (Burgen and Dausenau) that differed in organic carbon contents and particle size distributions. Affinities of all analytes were up to an order of magnitude higher for the Dausenau sediment in comparison to the Burgen sediment. Isotherms were well described by the Freundlich model. Sorption of all analytes was linear on the Burgen sediment except for structurally similar carbamazepine (n = 0.90) and DHC (n = 0.88). Conversely, most analytes showed pronounced nonlinear sorption to the Dausenau sediment (n = 0.77-0.92) except for positively charged codeine, dihydrocodeine, and tramadol. Linear sorption of the latter was taken to arise from concentration-independent electrostatic interactions of the organocations with negatively charged surfaces on clay minerals or in the sediment organic matter. Desorption gave rise to hysteresis in 13 out of 16 investigated analyte-sorbent systems. Hysteresis was likely due to slow desorption kinetics beyond 24 h used in the experiment.     

Ceramic membranes applied to membrane distillation: A comprehensive review

Membrane distillation (MD) has been increasingly studied in the past decade for its potential as a separation process of nonvolatile components. The present study demonstrates a comprehensive overview of the current progress and challenges in the application of ceramic membranes to MD based on the available state of the art. There are already published review papers about MD, but the present study focuses on ceramic membranes, which are still the few used in MD when compared to polymeric membranes. Significant issues such as membrane material, module, characteristics, and hydrophobic modification are discussed. The main operating conditions and their effects on the separation process are given. Current applications of ceramic membranes in MD are also presented. Likewise, challenges and future perspectives associated with MD performance using ceramic membranes are highlighted. A review focused on ceramic membranes applied specifically to MD will contribute for future research in order that this process achieves successful implementation in industry.     

Equation of motion approach to the Hubbard model in infinite dimensions

We consider the Hubbard model on the Bethe lattice with infinite Coordination number and construct (i) a systematic series of self-consistent approximations to the one-particle Green's function, G⁽ⁿ⁾(), n = 2,3,... and (ii) conduct an exact diagonalization study of the Hubbard star and the star of the stars. We present analytic and numerical results for the Mott-Hubbard transition at half filling. We find consistently (i) a critical U_c 2.5 and (ii) that the gap opens like (U-U_c)^3/2.     

The essence of eta-expansion in partial evaluation

Selective eta-expansion is a powerful binding-time improvement,i.e., a source-program modification that makes a partial evaluator yield better results. But like most binding-time improvements, the exact problem it solves and the reason why have not been formalized and are only understood by few.In this paper, we describe the problem and the effect of eta-redexes in terms of monovariant binding-time propagation: eta-redexes preserve the static data flow of a source program by interfacingstatic higher-order values in dynamic contexts anddynamic higher-order values in static contexts. They contribute to twodistinct binding-time improvements.We present two extensions of Gomard's monovariant binding-time analysis for the pure -calculus. Our extensions annotateand eta-expand -terms. The first one eta-expands static higher-order values in dynamic contexts. The second also eta-expands dynamic higher-order values in static contexts.As a significant application, we show that our first binding-time analysis suffices to reformulate the traditional formulation of a CPS transformation into a modern one-pass CPS transformer. This binding-time improvement is known, but it is still left unexplained in contemporary literature,e.g., about cps-based partial evaluation.We also outline the counterpart of eta-expansion for partially static data structures.