Jonathan Thomas Fabarius;Carsten Pietzka;Dhananjai Pangotra;Benjamin Wriedt;Luciana Vieira;Carina Sagstetter;Melanie Speck;Athanassios Ziogas;Nils Baumgarten;Hans-Joachim Kost;Patrick Löb;Katja Patzsch;Catherine Bernau;Sarah Boeringer;Davide Pico;Antje Lieske;Marcus Vater;Ulrich Wendler;Arne Roth; 《化学，工程师，技术》2024,96(5):698-712

Production processes based on CO2 as raw material offer high scalability and sustainability. Here, a novel process cascade is introduced, combining the advantages of electrochemical CO2 conversion with the synthetic potential of industrial biotechnology: CO2 is electrocatalytically reduced to formic acid as substrate for the metabolically engineered bacterium Methylorubrum extorquens that produces l-lysine as precursor of the polymer building block 1,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine). Cadaverine is purified through targeted downstream processing and finally used in a polycondensation process to produce polyamide materials.  相似文献   

    

Oluseyi Babatola  Ganesh U. Patil  Daniel Hsieh  Kathryn H. Matlack  Sanjiv Sinha 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2020,22(2)

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Huibin He  Jan‐Erik Ostwaldt  Christoph Hirschhuser  Carsten Schmuck  Jochen Niemeyer 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,16(28)

The dual pH‐induced reversible self‐assembly (PIRSA) of Au‐nanoparticles (Au NPs) is reported, based on their decoration with the self‐complementary guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole carboxylate zwitterion (GCPZ). The assembly of such functionalized Au NPs is found at neutral pH, based on supramolecular pairing of the GCPZ groups. The resulting self‐assembled system can be switched back to the disassembled state by addition of base or acid. Two predominant effects that contribute to the dual‐PIRSA of Au NPs are identified, namely the ionic hydrogen bonding between the GCPZ groups, but also a strong hydrophobic effect. The contribution of each interaction is depending on the concentration of GCPZ on NPs, which allows to control the self‐assembly state over a wide range of different water/solvent ratios.  相似文献   

    

Sourav Chakraborty  Ignacio Laguna  Murali Emani  Kathryn Mohror  Dhabaleswar K. Panda  Martin Schulz  Hari Subramoni 《Concurrency and Computation》2020,32(3)

Scientists from many different fields have been developing Bulk‐Synchronous MPI applications to simulate and study a wide variety of scientific phenomena. Since failure rates are expected to increase in larger‐scale future HPC systems, providing efficient fault‐tolerance mechanisms for this class of applications is paramount. The global‐restart model has been proposed to decrease the time of failure recovery in Bulk‐Synchronous applications by allowing a fast reinitialization of MPI. However, the current implementations of this model have several drawbacks: they lack efficiency; their scalability have not been shown; and they require the use of the MPI profiling interface, which precludes the use of tools. In this paper, we present EReinit , an implementation of the global‐restart model that addresses these problems. Our key idea and optimization is the co‐design of basic fault‐tolerance mechanisms such as failure detection, notification, and recovery between MPI and the resource manager in contrast to current approaches on which these mechanisms are implemented in MPI only. We demonstrate EReinit in three HPC programs and show that it is up to four times more efficient than existing solutions at 4,096 processes.  相似文献   

    

Nahdia Majeed  Maria Saladina  Michal Krompiec  Steve Greedy  Carsten Deibel  Roderick C. I. MacKenzie 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(7)

There is currently a worldwide effort to develop materials for solar energy harvesting which are efficient and cost effective, and do not emit significant levels of CO₂ during manufacture. When a researcher fabricates a novel device from a novel material system, it often takes many weeks of experimental effort and data analysis to understand why any given device/material combination produces an efficient or poorly optimized cell. It therefore takes the community tens of years to transform a promising material system to a fully optimized cell ready for production (perovskites are a contemporary example). Herein, developed is a new and rapid approach to understanding device/material performance, which uses a combination of machine learning, device modeling, and experiment. Providing a set of electrical device parameters (charge carrier mobilities, recombination rates, trap densities, etc.) in a matter of seconds thus offers a fast way to directly link fabrication conditions to device/material performance, pointing a way to further and more rapid optimization of light harvesting devices. The method is demonstrated by using it to understand annealing temperature and surfactant choice and in terms of charge carrier dynamics in organic solar cells made from the P3HT:PCBM, PBTZT‐stat‐BDTT‐8:PCBM, and PTB7:PCBM material systems.  相似文献   

    

Sebastian Kühn  Jana Sievers  Aukha Stoppa  Nicole Trber  Ralf Zimmermann  Petra B. Welzel  Carsten Werner 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(26)

Developing tissue is typically soft, highly hydrated, dynamic, and increasingly heterogeneous matter. Recapitulating such characteristics in engineered cell‐instructive materials holds the promise of maximizing the options to direct tissue formation. Accordingly, progress in the design of multiphasic hydrogel materials is expected to expand the therapeutic capabilities of tissue engineering approaches and the relevance of human 3D in vitro tissue and disease models. Recently pioneered methodologies allow for the creation of multiphasic hydrogel systems suitable to template and guide the dynamic formation of tissue‐ and organ‐specific structures across scales, in vitro and in vivo. The related approaches include the assembly of distinct gel phases, the embedding of gels in other gel materials and the patterning of preformed gel materials. Herein, the capabilities and limitations of the respective methods are summarized and discussed and their potential is highlighted with some selected examples of the recent literature. As the modularity of the related methodologies facilitates combinatorial and individualized solutions, it is envisioned that multiphasic gel‐in‐gel materials will become a versatile morphogenetic toolbox expanding the scope and the power of bioengineering technologies.  相似文献   

    

Gtz Hüsken  Stephan Pirskawetz  Dietmar Meinel  Veronika Babski  Hans‐Carsten Kühne 《Bautechnik》2016,93(10):711-716

Methods for analyzing the fracture behavior of high‐strength steel fiber‐reinforced concretes High‐strength and ultra‐high strength fiber‐reinforced concretes are most suitable for applications with extreme mechanical loads. These extreme conditions require a ductile behavior under tensile loading, which is obtained solely by the addition of steel fibers and their working mechanism. Profound know ledge on the working mechanism of the steel fibers is necessary for optimizing this material. Usually, this knowledge is obtained by means of classical measuring techniques of destructive tests. Adopting measuring techniques from non‐destructive material testing helps to analyze and to identify the different stages of the fracture mechanism of high‐strength and ultra‐high strength fiber‐reinforced concretes in detail. The application of different non‐destructive measuring techniques is shown exemplary on tensile tests conducted on an ultra‐high strength fiber‐reinforced concrete and its applicability for analyzing the fracture behavior is discussed. The main focus is on the characterization of the relevant failure modes under tensile loading by the different measuring techniques and the comparison with classical measuring techniques (e. g. extensometer). The tensile tests have been analyzed by optical deformation measurements using digital image correlation (DIC), acoustic emission analysis (AE), and 3D computed tomography (CT).  相似文献   

    

Jonas Feldheim  Almuth F. Kessler  Julia J. Feldheim  Ellina Schulz  David Wend  Lazaros Lazaridis  Christoph Kleinschnitz  Martin Glas  Ralf-Ingo Ernestus  Sebastian Brandner  Camelia M. Monoranu  Mario Lhr  Carsten Hagemann 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)

Glioblastoma leads to a fatal course within two years in more than two thirds of patients. An essential cornerstone of therapy is chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). The effect of TMZ is counteracted by the cellular repair enzyme O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). The MGMT promoter methylation, the main regulator of MGMT expression, can change from primary tumor to recurrence, and TMZ may play a significant role in this process. To identify the potential mechanisms involved, three primary stem-like cell lines (one astrocytoma with the mutation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), CNS WHO grade 4 (HGA)), and two glioblastoma (IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4) were treated with TMZ. The MGMT promoter methylation, migration, proliferation, and TMZ-response of the tumor cells were examined at different time points. The strong effects of TMZ treatment on the MGMT methylated cells were observed. Furthermore, TMZ led to a loss of the MGMT promoter hypermethylation and induced migratory rather than proliferative behavior. Cells with the unmethylated MGMT promoter showed more aggressive behavior after treatment, while HGA cells reacted heterogenously. Our study provides further evidence to consider the potential adverse effects of TMZ chemotherapy and a rationale for investigating potential relationships between TMZ treatment and change in the MGMT promoter methylation during relapse.  相似文献   

    

Sebastian Kummer  Susanne Rinn  Gunnar Seemann  Nadine Bachmann  Katherine Timothy  Paul S. Thornton  Frank Pillekamp  Ertan Mayatepek  Carsten Bergmann  Thomas Meissner  Niels Decher 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(15)

The voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel isoform Ca_V1.2 is critically involved in many physiological processes, e.g., in cardiac action potential formation, electromechanical coupling and regulation of insulin secretion by beta cells. Gain-of-function mutations in the calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 C (CACNA1C) gene, encoding the Ca_V1.2 α₁-subunit, cause Timothy syndrome (TS), a multisystemic disorder that includes autism spectrum disorders and long QT (LQT) syndrome. Strikingly, TS patients frequently suffer from hypoglycemia of yet unproven origin. Using next-generation sequencing, we identified a novel heterozygous CACNA1C mutation in a patient with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) and associated hypoglycemic episodes. We characterized the electrophysiological phenotype of the mutated channel using voltage-clamp recordings and in silico action potential modeling experiments. The identified Ca_V1.2^L566P mutation causes a mixed electrophysiological phenotype of gain- and loss-of-function effects. In silico action potential modeling supports that this mixed electrophysiological phenotype leads to a tissue-specific impact on beta cells compared to cardiomyocytes. Thus, CACNA1C variants may be associated with non-syndromic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia without long-QT syndrome, explained by very specific electrophysiological properties of the mutated channel. We discuss different biochemical characteristics and clinical impacts of hypoglycemia in the context of CACNA1C variants and show that these may be associated with significant morbidity for Timothy Syndrome patients. Our findings underline that the potential of hypoglycemia warrants careful attention in patients with CACNA1C variants, and such variants should be included in the differential diagnosis of non-syndromic congenital hyperinsulinism.  相似文献   

    

Jonathan Mandel  Martina Casari  Maria Stepanyan  Alexey Martyanov  Carsten Deppermann 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(7)

There is accumulating evidence that platelets play roles beyond their traditional functions in thrombosis and hemostasis, e.g., in inflammatory processes, infection and cancer, and that they interact, stimulate and regulate cells of the innate immune system such as neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. In this review, we will focus on platelet activation in hemostatic and inflammatory processes, as well as platelet interactions with neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. We take a closer look at the contributions of major platelet receptors GPIb, α_IIbβ₃, TLT-1, CLEC-2 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as secretions from platelet granules on platelet–neutrophil aggregate and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in atherosclerosis, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and COVID-19. Further, we will address platelet–monocyte and macrophage interactions during cancer metastasis, infection, sepsis and platelet clearance.  相似文献