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排序方式: 共有777条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
91.
V Bracha KB Irwin ML Webster DA Wunderlich MK Stachowiak JR Bloedel 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,788(1-2):169-178
Galactosylhydroxylysine (GHL) is released during bone resorption and has been shown to be elevated in subjects with metabolic bone loss. GHL is relatively specific for bone, it is not recycled or significantly metabolized during collagen turnover, and the levels are not influenced by diet. Previous measurements of GHL levels in urine have been performed using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography following pre-column derivatization. We produced polyclonal antibodies to GHL using GHL purified from sea sponges and developed an immunoassay that can recognize GHL in urine. The antibodies have minimal cross-reactivity with a physiological mixture of amino acids (< 1%), galactose (< 0.2%), lactose (< 0.3%), and glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine (< 1%). This competitive immunoassay requires no dilution or pretreatment of the samples and provides a rapid and easy method for the evaluation of GHL in urine. Analysis of clinical samples from normal individuals, post-menopausal women, osteoporotic patients and individuals with Paget's disease show that the assay can discriminate between groups with differing levels of bone resorption as well as deoxypyridinoline (Dpd). 相似文献
92.
Robert Kabbert Katrin Herrmuth und Herbert Kunzek 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1993,196(3):219-223
Zusammenfassung Haufwerke aus trockenen Apfelgewebepartikeln mit mittleren Partikelvolumina zwischen 0,3 und 5 mm3 können bis zu 80 g/g Wasser aufnehmen. Der überwiegende Teil dieses Wassers ist in makrocapillaren Haufwerks- und Partikelhohlräumen eingelagert und nur durch sehr geringe Kräfte gebunden. Bereits bei Einwirkung eines Gasdrucks von 2 kPa werden die Partikelhaufwerke stark entwässert. Die Wasserbeladung sinkt auf 20-15 g/g. Die Rehydratation einzelner getrockneter Apfelgewebepartikel ist vom Ausmaß der bei der Zerkleinerung eingetretenen Gewebezerstörung abhängig und kann durch eine der Trocknung vorgelagerte Entwässerung mit Ethanol verbessert werden. Vorentwässerte Partikel mit einem hohen Ethanolgehalt schrumpfen bei der Trocknung im geringeren Ausmaß und besitzen eine hohe Porosität. Solche Partikel binden im rehydratisierten Zustand bis zu 30 g/g Wasser. Nicht mit Ethanol behandelte Partikel binden unter 11 g/g Wasser.
Water binding capacity and macrostructure of apple tissue particles
Samples (bulk materials) of dry apple tissue particles in a range of particle volume from 0.3 to 5 mm3 can absorb up to 80 g/g water. Most of this water is included in macrocapillary bulk and particle spaces and is bound by very small forces. An external gas pressure of 2 kPa decreases the water content to 20-15 g/g. The rehydration properties of single apple tissue particles depend on the degree of tissue disintegration and can be improved by a dehydration treatment with ethanol before drying. Such pre-dehydrated particles with a high ethanol concentration in the liquid phase show little shrinkage during the drying process and have a high porosity. They retain up to 30 g/g water after rehydration. The water uptake of non-ethanol-treated particles is less than 11 g/g.相似文献
93.
紧密纺纱线的预湿对织造性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
描述了德国邓肯道夫纺织工艺研究所(ITV)将目前有关预湿的研究结果转移、拓展并试用于紧密纺和喷气纺纱线的研究过程.比较了紧密纺和环锭纺纱线的试验结果.紧密纺和涡流纺的经济优势和节约成本来自浆料消耗的减少和织造中与磨损相关的问题的减少. 相似文献
94.
The authors present the self-checking bypass pipeline, an online-testable controller structure for data-dominated applications. For most circuits in a standard benchmark set, this structure leads to a performance improvement of more than 30% with an area overhead less than 15% that of conventional online-testable finite-state machines 相似文献
95.
W. Wunderlich 《Mechanism and Machine Theory》1978,13(2):155-160
The paper develops elementary formulas for the synthesis of straight-line linkages of Watt's type by optimizing a quintic which approximates the flat part of Watt's coupler sextic. 相似文献
96.
Thomas K Koelwel C Machei U Färber L Göpferich A 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2005,31(4-5):357-366
When the microemulsion formulation of the critical dose drug cyclosporine A (CsA) (Sandimmun Optoral) was introduced in the mid-1990s, it became clear that this new formulation improves the oral bioavailability of CsA and has a positive influence on its pharmacokinetic variability. Previous studies with the original CsA formulation (Sandimmun) showed that the size of the emulsion droplets and concomitant food intake has an effect on the absorption of CsA from the small intestine when orally administered. It was suggested that these effects might have an influence on the drugs' pharmacokinetic parameters.In this study, we focused on the two above-mentioned aspects and compared the first and second generations of CsA products (Sandimmun, Sandimmun Optoral) to generic CsA formulations by analyzing the contents of cyclosporine A gel capsules with respect to their emulsion droplet and micelle sizes using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). We tried to discern any differences in droplet size between different generations of CsA formulations, primarily the second and third generation, through simple physical tests. Because a high fat content food may influence the absorption of CsA, we also determined the distribution of CsA between hydrophilic and lipophilic phases using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.It became clear that when compared under simple physical conditions, established cyclosporine formulations and new generic products show significant differences in droplet size and distribution between an aqueous phase and a high fat content food. Whether these differences are of clinical relevance remains to be investigated. 相似文献
97.
W Wunderlich 《Mechanism and Machine Theory》1983,18(3):207-212
Coupler curves, generated by a planar four-bar linkage and possessing the peculiarity of self-osculation, are generally discussed. Condition formulas characterizing appropriate linkages are developed. 相似文献
98.
99.
For a better comprehension of heat and mass transfer during the coffee drying process and optimization of the industrial application transport coefficients and coffee properties were determined. Heat transfer coefficients were measured for different air velocities and were found to follow the known dimensionless equations for the flow surrounding a sphere. Thermal conductivities and effective diffusion coefficients were measured as a function of moisture content as well as volume and densities of the coffee beans. The mentioned properties depend directly on the humidity of the coffee beans rather than on the drying conditions. Sorption behaviour was investigated and temperature dependent parameters for the Guggenheimer–Anderson–deBoer-isotherm (GAB) were determined according to the Arrhenius relationship. 相似文献
100.
Katrin A. Barth Géraldine Coullerez Lina M. Nilsson Riccardo Castelli Peter H. Seeberger Viola Vogel Marcus Textor 《Advanced functional materials》2008,18(9):1459-1469
The study of the adhesion mechanisms of pathogens to host tissues has gained increased interest as bacterial adhesion is involved in the early stages of surface colonization and infection. Here we describe a platform to study the specific binding of the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) K‐12 strain to molecularly well‐defined surfaces mimicking cellular interfaces. This approach uses a poly(ethylene glycol) brush interface, which displays synthetic determinants of the high mannose N‐linked glycans in a range of densities (3.8 × 104–1.6 × 105 mannosides µm?2) for the investigation of multivalent interactions with bacteria. The bacterial attachment is mediated by specific interactions between the adhesive protein FimH located on the tip of the bacterial type 1 pili and the mannosylated surfaces. With synthetically engineered mannoses, it is found that the number of strongly adhering bacteria is co‐regulated by many structural physical parameters. Beyond the dependency on carbohydrate density, higher numbers of E. coli attach to the branched trimannose Man(α1–3)(Man(α1–6))Man compared to the monomannose, while larger oligomannoses exposing Man(α1–2) Man at their non reducing end show low binding capacity. The linker used between the mannose moiety and PEG is also affecting the binding efficacy of E. coli. The (hydrophobic) propyl linker results in higher bacteria numbers in comparison to the (hydrophilic) tri(EG), likely a consequence of additional stabilization of the binding complex by hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, differences are observed in bacteria attachment between stagnant and flow conditions that depend on the type of mannose ligand. Finally, a photolithographic resist lift‐off combined with site‐selective assembly of the glycopolymers is used to produce micropatterns with bacteria colonies confined to defined areas and at controlled colony numbers. 相似文献