Design considerations for a Gaudi test structure which can be usedto determine the optimum focus

A test structure is described which can be used to optimize the focus of wafer steppers. Simulation is used to examine the effect that some of the design parameters have on the sensitivity of the structure. Finally some practical measurements are presented     

Hippocampal, but not amygdala, activity at encoding correlates with long-term, free recall of nonemotional information

Participation of two medial temporal lobe structures, the hippocampal region and the amygdala, in long-term declarative memory encoding was examined by using positron emission tomography of regional cerebral glucose. Positron emission tomography scanning was performed in eight healthy subjects listening passively to a repeated sequence of unrelated words. Memory for the words was assessed 24 hr later with an incidental free recall test. The percentage of words freely recalled then was correlated with glucose activity during encoding. The results revealed a striking correlation (r = 0.91, P < 0.001) between activity of the left hippocampal region (centered on the dorsal parahippocampal gyrus) and word recall. No correlation was found between activity of either the left or right amygdala and recall. The findings provide evidence for hippocampal involvement in long-term declarative memory encoding and for the view that the amygdala is not involved with declarative memory formation for nonemotional material.     

MPP+ induced substantia nigra degeneration is attenuated in nNOS knockout mice

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize thermal events associated with freezing and melting of suspensions and extracts of Panagrolaimus davidi, an Antarctic nematode which can survive intracellular freezing. Nematode suspensions produced a single freezing exotherm with a shoulder on the peak representing the freezing of the nematodes. A shoulder on the peak of melting endotherms indicates the melting of the nematodes and of the water surrounding them. Exotherms were also detected from individual nematodes mounted in liquid paraffin. The freezing of nematodes was very rapid and in marked contrast to that of freezing-tolerant insects and vertebrates, which take hours or days to freeze. Eighty-two percent of the nematodes' body water froze. High levels of survival were obtained in nematodes exposed to temperatures down to -40 degrees C. No additional thermal events were observed after the freezing event and before the melting of samples cooled to -40 degrees C, indicating no changes in the proportion of body water frozen. Ice nucleating activity is present in nematode suspensions but not in supernatants from nematode extracts. No thermal hysteresis activity was detected in nematode extracts.     

In situ localization of tissue factor in human atherosclerotic plaques by binding of digoxigenin-labeled factors VIIa and X

The mechanism responsible for the thrombotic complications of atherosclerotic plaques is not well understood. Although a role for tissue factor (TF) has been hypothesized, there are scant data on the presence, location, quantity, and activity of TF in atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of this study was to show the localization of TF in human atherosclerotic plaques. Digoxigenin-labeled factors VIIa and X were used to demonstrate their specific binding sites in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human arteries by incubation of sections with the labeled factor and localization of TF:factor(s) complexes by immunohistochemical staining for digoxigenin. In sections of atherosclerotic plaques, diffuse staining was most intense in the relatively acellular, lipid-rich core but was also present intracellularly in macrophages and smooth muscle cells and, to a lesser extent, in the relatively acellular fibrous tissue of the plaque. Endothelial cells overlying plaques and occasional medial smooth muscle cells stained positively as well. The adventitia routinely stained for TF in both normal and diseased artery segments. Staining for labeled factor VIIa was blocked when sections were preincubated with a 10-fold excess of unlabeled factor VIIa or with a polyclonal antihuman TF antibody. Binding of labeled factors VIIa and X was Ca(2+)-dependent. In conclusion, binding of digoxigenin-labeled factors VIIa and X shows that the lipid rich core of atherosclerotic plaques contains high levels of extracellular TF. This location may be responsible for the rapid initiation of thrombosis when lipid rich atherosclerotic plaques rupture and the core contents are exposed to flowing blood.     

Early computer graphics developments in the architecture,engineering and construction industry

Despite 30 years' experimentation and 20 years' availability of commercial products, the architecture, engineering, and construction industry in the mid-1990s had yet to achieve an effective integration of computer-based techniques into its business processes. Business processes in all industries are resistant to change, and people tend to use new tools in the same way they used their old ones: computers as pencils. In the architecture, engineering, and construction industry within the United States, this tendency has been aggravated by the segmentation of the work process into myriad specialties, frequently performed by separate companies, with the information flow obstructed by professional licensing, regulation, contracts, the profit motive, and even the training of design professionals. However, a number of developments-the emergence of object technology; industry standardization initiatives; widespread adoption of Internet technologies; and competitive pressures-are converging to create both the feasibility of and the necessity for rethinking and restructuring the industry. The article focuses on computer graphics precedents related to the architecture, engineering, and construction industry     

铂金首饰助力后疫情时代的珠宝行业复苏

以亲密关系及人生重要时刻为契机,让消费者用铂金见证情感并表达个人态度,助力销售迅速反弹,并为后疫情时代的持续增长创造强大平台。尽管铂金首饰的消费决策极大地取决于消费者自身,且市场份额相对较小,但这并不影响柏金成为在由新冠疫情造成的消费下行趋势中率先逆流而上的首饰品类之一。     

新生代情侣爱情观洞察

随着世代更迭,当新生代逐步成为社会主流消费人群,他们的爱情观也成为了当下的热议话题。新生代追随真心,忠于自我;新生代内心坚定,渴望心灵契合的“灵魂伴侣”;新生代注重浪漫也遵循现实,爱得纯粹且坚定。为此,国际铂金协会(PGI■)携手Ipsos开展“新生代民族志研究”,并以此发起关于新生代爱情观的洞察,一起探寻他们的爱情箴言。