A 30,000-cd/m2, 50-lm/W,and 92%-luminance-uniformity flat discharge fluorescent lamp for LCD backlights

Abstract— A 5.2-in.-diagonal simple-structured argon-mercury cold-cathode flat discharge fluorescent lamp has been developed for LCD backlighting. A pair of insulated electrodes is provided at the top and bottom ends of the inner surface of the front glass plate. Phosphor is deposited on both the front and rear glass plates. A luminance of 30,000 cd/m² and a luminous efficacy of 50 lm/W were obtained with a luminance uniformity of 92% without the use of a diffuser sheet. A mechanism for obtaining the high luminous efficacy is described. Luminance can be dimmed down to 4% of the peak value by extending the pulse interval and/or by reducing the pulse amplitude.     

Guided-wave acoustooptic interaction with phase modulation in a ZnOthin-film transducer on an Si-based integrated Mach-Zehnderinterferometer

This paper presents the design and the realization of a novel integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with heterodyne scheme. Well-controlled machining as well as ZnO thin-film transducer integration on the same Si substrate permits to transform an optically passive device to an active device with sinusoidal phase modulation. Theoretical and experimental results are presented, demonstrating that an efficient sensor can be designed and fabricated     

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Two‐DOF Oscillatory Actuator and Experimental Verification of Prototype

Recently, linear oscillatory actuators have been used in a wide range of applications. In particular, small linear oscillatory actuators are expected to be used in haptic devices by being extended to provide multi‐degree‐of‐freedom motion with arbitrary acceleration. In this paper, we propose a compact two‐DOF oscillatory actuator that can move in various directions on a plane. The static and dynamic characteristics of the actuator are determined by the 3D finite element method. The effectiveness of this method is shown through a comparison of the measured results with the experimental results from a prototype. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(1): 58–65, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22312     

Congenital oligodendroglioma: a case report of a 34th-gestational week fetus with immunohistochemical study and review of the literature

A case of congenital oligodendroglioma occurring in a 34th-gestational week fetus is reported. The tumor was necrotic, hemorrhagic, and gelatinous. It covered the basal part of the brain, and almost the entire cerebellum was replaced by the tumor. The tumor cells had small, round, hyperchromatic nuclei and watery clear cytoplasm, and were arranged in a paved or alveolar pattern. Immunohistochemically, S100 protein, myelin-basic protein, neuron-specific enolase and Leu 7 were weakly positive for the cytoplasm, but glial fibrilliary acidic protein, synaptophysin, neurofilament, desmin, and vimentin were negative. Many tumor cell nuclei were positive for mutant p53 protein, and the labeling index was 85%. But there was no genetic alteration in exons 4 to 9 of p53 gene from the peripheral blood. The apoptosis index was 1.5%. Considering the p53 labeling index and the apoptosis index together, this congenital oligodendroglioma may be regarded as potentially malignant despite the benign morphological features.     

MOVPE growth and Mg doping of InxGa1−xN (x∼0.4) for solar cell

MOVPE growth and Mg doping of InGaN films are studied to develop technologies for the InGaN-based solar cell. By optimizing growth temperature and the TMI/(TMI+TEG) molar ratio, InGaN films with an In content up to 0.37 are successfully grown without phase separation and metallic In incorporation. It is found that the In composition in the InGaN films is governed by growth temperature, and the TMI/(TMI+TEG) molar ratio has very small effect on the composition change. InGaN films doped with Mg using CP₂Mg show the compensation effect of carriers and those with an In content up to 0.2 show p-type conduction. The film with an In content of 0.37 shows phase separation when the CP₂Mg/(TMI+TEG) molar ratio exceeds 0.05, indicating that Mg atoms incorporated have a significant effect on the crystal growth of InGaN.     

Laser assisted micro-milling of hard-to-machine materials

There is a need for developing hybrid micro-manufacturing processes capable of generating three-dimensional micro-scale features in hard-to-machine materials. This paper deals with the development of the laser assisted micro-milling process for which a novel 4-axis machine has been designed and built. This paper presents the results of experiments on laser assisted micro-milling of hardened A2 tool steel (62 HRc). The dimensional accuracy of the micro-milled feature and surface finish obtained with and without laser heating are compared and discussed. Scientific explanations for the different observations are given.     

A 250-Mb/s/pin, 1-Gb double-data-rate SDRAM with a bidirectionaldelay and an interbank shared redundancy scheme

This paper describes three circuit technologies indispensable for high-bandwidth multibank DRAM's. (1) A clock generator based on a bidirectional delay (BDD) eliminates the output skew. The BDD measures the cycle time as the quantity charged or discharged of an analog quantity, and replicates it in the next cycle. This achieves a 0.18-mm ², two-cycle-lock clock generator operating from 25 to 167 MHz with a 30-ps resolution. (2) A quad-coupled receiver eliminates the internal skew caused by the difference between a rise input and a fall input by 40%. (3) An interbank shared redundancy scheme (ISR) with a variable unit redundancy (VUR) efficiently increases yield in multibank DRAM's. The ISR allows redundancy match circuits to be shared with two or more banks. The VUR allows the number of units replaced to be variable. These circuit technologies achieved a 250-Mb/s/pin, 8-bank, 1-Gb double-data-rate synchronous DRAM     

Characterisation of volatile sulphur-containing compounds generated in crushed leaves of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler)

To characterise the composition of sulphur-containing constituents in Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler), GC–MS and HPLC analyses were carried out, using 12 varieties of Chinese origin, 4 varieties of Japanese origin and 6 commercially available cultivars. Five disulphides (dimethyl, allyl methyl, methyl 1-(E)-propenyl, diallyl, and allyl 1-(E)-propenyl), two trisulphides (dimethyl and allyl methyl), and two vinyldithiins (3-vinyl-[4H]-1,2- and 2-vinyl-[4H]-1,3-) were identified on the basis of their mass spectral and GC-retention data. Among the detected sulphur compounds, sulphides with a methyl group predominated over those with an allyl group. This was supported by the HPLC estimations, suggesting that all cultivars examined had much greater amounts of methiin than alliin. Also, two novel compounds were tentatively identified as [3H,4H]-1,2-dithiin and [2H,4H]-1,3-dithiin on the basis of their mass spectral features, GC-retention data, and some experimental results on their formation in reaction mixtures with different proportions of methiin and alliin. Their formation mechanism was proposed.