Control of the coating layer thickness of TiO2–SiO2 core–shell hybrid particles by liquid phase deposition

This paper describes control of the coating layer thickness and the crystallite size of the core–shell hybrid particles by controlling the process parameter. The core–shell hybrid particles were prepared using liquid phase deposition (LPD). We confirmed that the homogeneous coating was attained from the result of the zeta potential and the transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation. Furthermore, the coating layer microstructure was estimated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The obtained coating layer of titania was estimated using the band gap energy. Results indicate that the blue shift of the band gap energy signifies that the physical property of the hybrid particles was controlled by the coating layer thickness and the crystallite size, which are determined by the processing parameters.     

Force sensorless robust tracking servo system suppressing periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance for optical disk system

This paper proposes a new force sensorless robust tracking servo system, which detects and suppresses both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance without force sensor. The proposed system estimates both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance and the sudden disturbance by using a new sudden disturbance observer and the memory of tracking error. In the proposed system, the influence of sudden disturbance is suppressed by the proposed sudden disturbance observer. On the other hand, the influence of periodic disturbance is suppressed by means of ZPET feed‐forward servo system. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 82–90, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20614     

Donor–acceptor-structured 1,4-diazatriphenylene derivatives exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence: design and synthesis,photophysical properties and OLED characteristics

A new series of luminescent 1,4-diazatriphenylene (ATP) derivatives with various peripheral donor units, including phenoxazine, 9,9-dimethylacridane and 3-(diphenylamino)carbazole, is synthesized and characterized as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. The influence of the donor substituents on the electronic and photophysical properties of the materials is investigated by theoretical calculations and experimental spectroscopic measurements. These ATP-based molecules with donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) structures can reduce the singlet–triplet energy gap (0.04–0.26 eV) upon chemical modification of the ATP core, and thus exhibit obvious TADF characteristics in solution and doped thin films. As a demonstration of the potential of these materials, organic light-emitting diodes containing the D–A–D-structured ATP derivatives as emitters are fabricated and tested. External electroluminescence quantum efficiencies above 12% and 8% for green- and sky-blue-emitting devices, respectively, are achieved.     

Influence of different feeding systems on the growth performance and muscle development of Japanese Black steers

This study investigated the growth performance and gene expression for muscle development between grass hay-fed (GH) and concentrate-fed (CT) steers. Daily gain and energy intake during the fattening period of the GH group were lower than those of the CT group. Analysis of C/EBPα, PPARγ2, myosin heavy chain (MHC), and myostatin gene expressions was performed by real-time PCR. Expressions of C/EBPα and myostatin in semitendinosus and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles were higher in the CT group than in the GH group at the end of fattening. In LL muscle, MHC expression at the end of fattening was greater in the GH group than in the CT group. These results suggest that regulation of adipogenesis and myogenesis by the expression of genes involved in muscle development might have occurred in the skeletal muscle of the GH group by the feeding of grass hay and/or because of the low energy intakes.     

LMNtal as a hierarchical logic programming language

LMNtal (pronounced “elemental”) is a simple language model based on hierarchical graph rewriting that uses logical variables to represent connectivity and membranes to represent hierarchy. LMNtal is an outcome of the attempt to unify constraint-based concurrency and Constraint Handling Rules (CHR), the two notable extensions to concurrent logic programming. LMNtal is intended to be a substrate language of various computational models, especially those addressing concurrency, mobility and multiset rewriting. Although the principal objective of LMNtal was to provide a unifying computational model, it is of interest to equip the formalism with a precise logical interpretation. In this paper, we show that it is possible to give LMNtal a simple logical interpretation based on intuitionistic linear logic and a flattening technique. This enables us to call LMNtal a hierarchical, concurrent linear logic language.     

Synchronous Composite Packet Switching-A Switching Architecture for Broadband ISDN

A new switching architecture for broadband ISDN, "Synchronous Composite Packet Switching (SCPS)," is proposed and evaluated. It efficiently integrates circuit and packet switching functions on a single switching system and accommodates very high speed-up to several tens of Mbit/s-communication services, such as very high speed bursts of data, still picture, and motion video, as well as 64 kbit/s or less voice and data services. The SCPS system comprises plural switch modules and plural Very high speed synchronous loops. In the SCPS system, messages on plural circuit switched channels are assembled into quasi-packets, called "composite packets," and switched synchronously between switch modules, maintaining complete time transparency and short absolute delay time. A system parameter design to obtain high system efficiency and appropriate system modularity is explained, and an example for a very large capacity transit switch of 4 Gbit/s throughput is presented. System implementation problems to realize the SCPS principle, such as efficient implementation of the composite packet assembling and loop transmission functions, are investigated and an experimental system constructed for circuit switching part is presented. The most remarkable characteristic of the SCPS is that it efficiently integrates64 times nkbit/s circuit switching with packet switching. Moreover, the SCPS system retains compatibility with existing networks and the possibiliy of evolution toward a future broadband ISDN. On the basis of the above investigations and experimental system construction, the authors conclude that the SCPS is one of the most practical switching architectures for the coming broadband ISDN era.     

Time‐frequency analysis of a pressure wave caused by impulse tree using wavelet transform

This paper describes results of time‐frequency analysis of a pressure wave caused by impulse tree extension using wavelet transform. Pressure waves were measured by a piezo sensor which was located on the back of the plane electrode when high‐voltage nanosecond pulses were applied to a point electrode in a low‐density polyethylene block. Frequency of the pressure wave from induced charges on the plane electrode was higher than that of the pressure wave from tree. In addition, the frequency of the pressure wave from tree tended to decrease with increasing gap length because of the dispersion of the pressure wave during its propagation. When a large tree extension occurred between a 5‐mm gap, pressure waves of about 10 MHz propagated from the tree tip and a pressure wave of 1 MHz propagated from the tree stem. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(1): 1–7, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10097     

Tool wear prediction and economics in machining stepped parts

For analysing economics of machining cylindrical stepped parts, tool life must be predicted. In this paper, tool life tests, to obtain tool life changing cutting speed before the tool reaches tool life criterion under a constant speed, are performed and the tool life is calculated. Using the results of the calculations machining economics of various forms of stepped parts for the constant spindle rpm method and the constant cutting speed method, are analysed.     

Dissolution and Absorption of Nipedipine from Nifedipine-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Coprecipitate

Attempt was made to develop the solid dosage form of nifedipina which showed good absorption rate and total bioavailability. Nifedipine is a poorly water-saluble drug, whom bioavailability is low when administered orally in the crystalline form. Solutions of nifedipine were well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The dissolution rate of PVP-nifedipine coprecipitates exhibited rapid dissolution rate. X-ray diffraction data suggested the lack of crystallinity in the coprecipitate. The relation between the dissolution rates and average molecular weights of PVP was studied. Nifedipine in the copretipitate was chemically stable to heat and humidity, but the dissolution rate of nifedipine from the coprecipitate stored at 21° and 75% R.H. markedly decreased. X-ray diffraction data revealed that it might be due to the transformation of amorphous form of nifedipine to crystalline form under higher relative humidity. The gastrointestinal absorption of nifedipine in beagle dogs after oral administration of the coprecipitate was increased than that after oral adniniatration of the physical mixture.