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41.
Plastic deformation is an unlikely process by which to mould pristine silicon wafers into three-dimensional shapes owing to the inevitable detrimental impact that the resulting mechanically induced defects would have on their electrical properties. However, if one were to find a way of doing so without substantial degradation of these properties, a range of new applications might be opened up. Here we report on the successful plastic deformation of silicon crystal wafers for the preparation of wafers with various shapes. A silicon wafer was set between dies and pressed at high temperatures. One application of shaped wafers is as well-shaped concave silicon crystal lenses or mirrors. The lattice plane of such a crystal lens has a curvature exactly along the surface. A concave spheroidal X-ray lens, in the form of two-dimensional Johann and Johansson's monochromators, is proposed for an X-ray optical component system. We propose and demonstrate a new solar cell system with the concave silicon crystal mirror used as both a solar cell and a focused mirror. This system can make use of the reflected photons from solar cells. 相似文献
42.
Suppose that some particular link in the Internet is currently
congested.
A natural solution is to try to make packets bypass that link.
This can be done by increasing the cost of that link intentionally,
say from a
1 to a
2, since the Internet uses shortest-path
routing. Unfortunately, however, this often causes temporary loops
for packet traveling, called routing loops. In this paper
we show that routing loops can be avoided by increasing the cost
of the link not directly from a
1 to a
2 but through an
intermediate value, a
3, i.e., from a
1 to a
3 and then
to a
2.
We may need several
intermediate values.
We show that in this case
the greedy strategy,
namely, raising the cost as much as possible in each step,
is optimal. 相似文献
43.
Koliya Pulasinghe Keigo Watanabe Kiyotaka Izumi Kazuo Kiguchi 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2004,34(1):293-302
We present a methodology of controlling machines using spoken language commands. The two major problems relating to the speech interfaces for machines, namely, the interpretation of words with fuzzy implications and the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words in natural conversation, are investigated. The system proposed in this paper is designed to overcome the above two problems in controlling machines using spoken language commands. The present system consists of a hidden Markov model (HMM) based automatic speech recognizer (ASR), with a keyword spotting system to capture the machine sensitive words from the running utterances and a fuzzy-neural network (FNN) based controller to represent the words with fuzzy implications in spoken language commands. Significance of the words, i.e., the contextual meaning of the words according to the machine's current state, is introduced to the system to obtain more realistic output equivalent to users' desire. Modularity of the system is also considered to provide a generalization of the methodology for systems having heterogeneous functions without diminishing the performance of the system. The proposed system is experimentally tested by navigating a mobile robot in real time using spoken language commands. 相似文献
44.
Pure Fe with coverage of 0.5-2.0 nm was deposited on Si (111) 7×7 surfaces by reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE) in an integrated ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the as-deposited epitaxial phase exhibits rod-like and equilateral triangular morphology. The as-deposited phase was identified as c-FeSi2 by electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that there exists lattice distortion in epitaxial c-FeSi2 phase. Upon annealing at 1073 K, the metastable c-FeSi2 transforms into equilibrium β-FeSi2 phase, the latter inherits completely the morphology of c-FeSi2 phase. Based on RDE and subsequent annealing, a new fabrication technique to grow rod-like semiconducting β-FeSi2 on a Si substrate has been proposed in the present work. 相似文献
45.
Four tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) were trained to choose from 2 hook-like tools, 1 of which successfully led to collecting food, whereas the other did not because of inappropriate spatial arrangement of the tool and the food. In Experiment 1, all of the monkeys successfully learned the basic task. The monkeys performed successfully with tools of novel colors and shapes in Experiments 2-5. These results demonstrate that the monkeys used the spatial arrangement of the tool and the food as a cue. However, they failed when there were obstacles (Experiment 6) or traps (Experiment 7) on the path along which she monkeys dragged tools. These results may suggest that capuchin monkeys understand the spatial relationship between 2 items, namely, food and. the tool, but do not understand the spatial relationship among 3 items, namely, food, tool, and the environmental condition. The possible role of stimulus generalization is also considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
46.
In-situ analysis for SiC bulk single crystal growth was reported using vertical X-ray diffractometer system. A furnace for SiC sublimation growth combined with the XRD system which possessed three kinds of functions including topography, rocking curve measurement and crystal growth rate monitoring was developed. These functions could contribute as a powerful tool finding the optimum growth condition by dynamic observation in the crucible. In this study, the in-situ X-ray topographs succeeded to capture dynamic elongation of defects and dislocation generated in the SiC growing crystals. The in-situ rocking curve measurement reviled appearance of mosaic structure in the SiC crystal grown with high growth rate. The in-situ growth rate monitoring also succeeded very precisely using the direct X-ray beam absorption. On the base of findings and facts obtained by the in-situ observations, the importance for the SiC growth was discussed. 相似文献
47.
Investigations on welding residual stresses in penetration nozzles by means of 3D thermal elastic plastic FEM and experiment 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Kazuo Ogawa Dean Deng Shoichi Kiyoshima Nobuyoshi Yanagida Koichi Saito 《Computational Materials Science》2009,45(4):1031-1042
Recent discoveries of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in weldments including penetration nozzles at pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs) have raised concerns about safety and integrity of plant components. It is well known that welding residual stress is an important factor resulting in SCC in weldments. In the present work, both experimental method and numerical simulation technology are used to investigate the characteristics of welding residual stress distribution in penetration nozzles welded by multi-pass J-groove joint. An experimental mock-up is fabricated to measure welding residual stress at first. In the experiment, each weld pass is performed using a semi-circle balanced welding procedure. Then, a corresponding finite element models with considering moving heat source, deposition sequence, inter-pass temperature, temperature-dependent thermal and mechanical properties, strain hardening and annealing effect is developed to simulate welding temperature and residual stress fields. The simulation results predicted by the 3D model are generally in good agreement with the measurements. Meanwhile, to clarify the influence of deposition sequence on the welding residual stress, the welding residual stress field in the same geometrical model induced by a continuous welding procedure is also calculated. Finally, the influence of a joint oblique angle on welding residual stress is investigated numerically. The numerical results suggest that both deposition sequence and oblique angles have effect on welding residual stress distribution. 相似文献
48.
Artificial retina chips which can simultaneously sense and process real world images are described. The comparison between
artificial retinal systems and conventional image processing systems is described. Variable sensitivity photodetection, which
is an essential technology for the artificial retina chips, is introduced in detail. The concept, structure, fundamental performance,
operating principle, and processing functions for the fabricated artificial retinal chips are described. Applications including
interactive games by gesture-input are also introduced.
This work was presented, in part, at the International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 18–20,
1996. 相似文献
49.
Swarnalakshmi Raman Arief Waskitho Resmi Raju Takuma Iwasa Daisuke Ikutame Kazuo Okura Masamitsu Oshima Yoshizo Matsuka 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(11)
Trigeminal neuralgia is unilateral, lancinating, episodic pain that can be provoked by routine activities. Anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, are the drugs of choice; however, these possess side-effects. Microvascular decompression is the most effective surgical technique with a higher success rate, although occasionally causes adverse effects. The potential treatment for this type of pain remains unmet. Increased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels have been reported in association with axonal injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tranilast on relieving neuropathic pain in animal models and analyze the changes in BH4 synthesis. Neuropathic pain was induced via infraorbital nerve constriction. Tranilast, carbamazepine, or saline was injected intraperitoneally to assess the rat’s post-intervention pain response. In the von Frey’s test, the tranilast and carbamazepine groups showed significant changes in the head withdrawal threshold in the ipsilateral whisker pad area. The motor coordination test showed no changes in the tranilast group, whereas the carbamazepine group showed decreased performance, indicating impaired motor coordination. Trigeminal ganglion tissues were used for the PCR array analysis of genes that regulate the BH4 pathway. Downregulation of the sepiapterin reductase (Spr) and aldoketo reductase (Akr) genes after tranilast injection was observed compared to the pain model. These findings suggest that tranilast effectively treats neuropathic pain. 相似文献
50.