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61.
62.
R.M.L.D. Rathnayake Y. Song A. Tumendelger M. Oshiki S. Ishii H. Satoh S. Toyoda N. Yoshida S. Okabe 《Water research》2013
Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) during biological wastewater treatment is of growing concern since N2O is a major stratospheric ozone-depleting substance and an important greenhouse gas. The emission of N2O from a lab-scale granular sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for partial nitrification (PN) treating synthetic wastewater without organic carbon was therefore determined in this study, because PN process is known to produce more N2O than conventional nitrification processes. The average N2O emission rate from the SBR was 0.32 ± 0.17 mg-N L−1 h−1, corresponding to the average emission of N2O of 0.8 ± 0.4% of the incoming nitrogen load (1.5 ± 0.8% of the converted NH4+). Analysis of dynamic concentration profiles during one cycle of the SBR operation demonstrated that N2O concentration in off-gas was the highest just after starting aeration whereas N2O concentration in effluent was gradually increased in the initial 40 min of the aeration period and was decreased thereafter. Isotopomer analysis was conducted to identify the main N2O production pathway in the reactor during one cycle. The hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation pathway accounted for 65% of the total N2O production in the initial phase during one cycle, whereas contribution of the NO2− reduction pathway to N2O production was comparable with that of the NH2OH oxidation pathway in the latter phase. In addition, spatial distributions of bacteria and their activities in single microbial granules taken from the reactor were determined with microsensors and by in situ hybridization. Partial nitrification occurred mainly in the oxic surface layer of the granules and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were abundant in this layer. N2O production was also found mainly in the oxic surface layer. Based on these results, although N2O was produced mainly via NH2OH oxidation pathway in the autotrophic partial nitrification reactor, N2O production mechanisms were complex and could involve multiple N2O production pathways. 相似文献
63.
M. Tamura M. Takahashi J. Ishii K. Suzuki M. Sato K. Shimomura 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》1999,8(1):68-72
Multilayered thermal barrier coatings (TBC) with different functions were proposed for the hot section components of land-based
gas turbines. This article describes a multilayered TBC with an oxidation resistant layer. A conventional duplex TBC and a
triplex TBC, in which an aluminized layer was added to the conventional duplex TBC to increase oxidation resistance, were
prepared. It was confirmed by a burner rig test that the triplex TBC with the aluminized layer is resistant to oxidation and
shows high durability in a thermal cycle test, compared with the conventional duplex TBC. The spalling in the thermal cycle
test of each TBC specimen occurred at the same position, when the thickness of the oxidation layer was 11 to 13 μm. The mechanism
of spalling of the coating in the thermal cycle test was discussed in terms of stress in the coating. Stress in the direction
of spalling occurred by an uneven interface between the bond and top coat and increased with growth of the oxidation layer.
It is thought that the high durability of the triplex TBC in the thermal cycle test is derived from suppressing the growth
of the oxidation layer and decreasing the stress due to the addition of the aluminized layer. 相似文献
64.
65.
Yusuke Furuta Hiroyuki Nishikawa Takahiro Satoh Yasuyuki Ishii Tomihiro Kamiya Ryota Nakao Satoshi Uchida 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2009,267(12-13):2285-2288
Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures was performed by proton beam writing (PBW) using a microbeam line at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA), JAEA Takasaki, JAPAN. As one of the applications of the high-aspect-ratio structures micro-machined by PBW, we utilized the high-aspect pillars for electric-micro filters of microbes such as Escherichia coli and Yeast based on the dielectrophoretic force. The filter is equipped with high-aspect pillars with a height of ~20 μm and a diameter of ~1 μm on a glass plate. Evaluation of the dielectrophoresis (DEP) device for capturing E. coli and Yeast was made using either observation by optical microscope or photoluminescence (PL) measurements. 相似文献
66.
The elastic and yield properties of drawn poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) filled with ultrafine SiO2 are described as functions of filler content and size. The drawn PMMA composites were made by uniaxially drawing to x4.0 at 100°C and at a rate of 20 mm/min. Four compliance values, i.e., S33, S11, S13, and S44 were determined. These values decreased with filler content and decreasing filler size. The relative compliance values Sde/Sdo(Sde is the compliance of drawn PMMA composites and Sdo is that of drawn unfilled PMMA) are almost equivalently changed with changes in filler content. The elastic properties of drawn PMMA composites are thus reinforced isotopically. This is characteristic of PMMA which has a large side group. The yield behavior of drawn PMMA composites have similar filler size and content dependence to those of elastic properties except that the transverse yield stresses become more brittle with filler content. The anisotropy in yield stress is relatively larger than that of elastic properties. This is probably because the anti-reiforcing effect, such as fibrillation becomes prominent with increasing filler content in the perpendicular direction. 相似文献
67.
Satoru Shindo Irma Josefina Savitri Takenobu Ishii Atsushi Ikeda Roodelyne Pierrelus Alireza Heidari Keisuke Okubo Shin Nakamura Umadevi Kandalam Mohamad Rawas-Qalaji Elizabeth Leon Maria Rita Pastore Patrick Hardigan Toshihisa Kawai 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(6)
Effects of the antiosteoblastogenesis factor Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), expressed by thrombin-activated platelets (TPs), on osteoblastogenesis, as well as osteoclastogenesis, were investigated in vitro. Intact platelets released both Sema4D and IGF-1. However, in response to stimulation with thrombin, platelets upregulated the release of Sema4D, but not IGF-1. Anti-Sema4D-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) upregulated TP-mediated osteoblastogenesis in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursors. MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to TPs induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK further upregulated by the addition of anti-sema4D-mAb, suggesting the suppressive effects of TP-expressing Sema4D on osteoblastogenesis. On the other hand, TPs promoted RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in the primary culture of bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs). Among the known three receptors of Sema4D, including Plexin B1, Plexin B2 and CD72, little Plexin B2 was detected, and no Plexin B1 was detected, but a high level of CD72 mRNA was detected in RANKL-stimulated BMMCs by qPCR. Both anti-Sema4D-mAb and anti-CD72-mAb suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorptive activity, suggesting that Sema4D released by TPs promotes osteoclastogenesis via ligation to a CD72 receptor. This study demonstrated that Sema4D released by TPs suppresses osteogenic activity and promotes osteoclastogenesis, suggesting the novel property of platelets in bone-remodeling processes. 相似文献
68.
H. Sabet K. Ishii S. Matsuyama Y. Kikuchi K. Nakazawa A. Esmaili Torshabi H. Yamazaki 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2009,600(3):678-682
A new method to modify coordinates of detectors in any positron emission tomography (PET) system using a radioactive point source is developed. This method is based on selecting a centered detector in each detector block of PET and measuring coincidence counts between the two centered detectors in opposite detector blocks to find the coordinates of their LOR (Line of Response). Due to slight misalignment of detector positions, measured LORs may not intersect at a single point. Based on the proposed method, the coordinates of detectors can be measured with very high accuracy and the coordinate of the center of the gantry (which is normally the same as the center of field of view) can be defined correctly. The results of the application of our method to a small animal PET system (FinePET), which was recently developed at Tohoku University, Japan, are shown here. The method is expected to contribute to the design and development of PET systems which can realize a very high spatial resolution of less than 1 mm FWHM. 相似文献
69.
Satoshi Tanaka Atsushi Makiya Zenji Kato Keizo Uematsu 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2009,29(5):955-959
A rotating magnetic field was used to fabricate c-axis oriented zinc oxide. The influence of rotating speed on orientation structure was also examined. The aligned axes had the largest diamagnetic susceptibility, which axis was difficult to align with a static magnetic field. In c-axis oriented ZnO, the degree of orientation (Lotgering factor) in the green compact ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 along c-axis. The Lotgering factor increased with rotating speed. For all samples with the rotating magnetic field, the degrees of orientation increased up to above 0.9 after sintering at 1573 K. 相似文献
70.
In the present study, the numerical simulation of reactive turbulent flow and heat transfer in a regenerative gas-fired furnace has been carried out to investigate its performance. The effects of geometric and operating conditions on the performance of the furnace have also been studied. A moment closure method with an assumed g probability density function for mixture fraction is used in the present work to model the turbulent nonpremixed combustion process in the furnace. A comparison is made between the predicted results and the experimental data. 相似文献