Visual comfort to colored images evaluated by saturation distribution

Visual comfort, which is defined here as the subjective impression of comfort caused by visual stimuli, to a colored image presented on a CRT display was investigated in terms of the distribution of CIE 1976 u,v saturation, s_uv, over the image. Variable saturation experiments, where the observer was asked to adjust saturation of the whole image to the most comfortable point, showed that saturation is a critical factor in the observer's estimation of comfort. Colorimetric analysis of the saturation distribution of the image showed that the mean value of s_uv over the image has a negative correlation to visual comfort, meaning that the lower the mean saturation, the more comfort is felt when viewing the image. The ratio of the higher to lower saturation components of the image, which means how much saturated color is relatively contained in the image, was also shown to be a critical factor affecting visual comfort. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 24, 313–321, 1999     

Stabilization of a large‐capacity,long‐distance transmission system by an adjustable‐speed flywheel generator

An adjustable‐speed flywheel generator (FWG) can control both active power and reactive power rapidly. We have studied the effect of FWG installation on a large‐ capacity, long‐distance transmission system, especially when the system includes loops. In this paper, we describe the selection of FWG location, the selection of stabilizing control input signal, and the required quantities of FWG. FWG location is selected by a PQ‐sensitivity method, calculation of which is simple and permits easy understanding of the effect of both FWG's active and reactive power. As a stabilizing control input signal, we use bus voltage frequency instead of power flow because the flow changes stepwise by opening three‐phase single‐circuit. Additionally, we clarify the FWG quantities that must be designed, such as FWG's active power and reactive power. We considered FWG's slip to determine the quantity because the capacity of the exciter depends on slip. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(2): 32–41, 1999     

Chaperone Therapy in Fabry Disease

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal multisystem storage disorder induced by a mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) gene. Reduced activity or deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A (AGAL) leads to escalating storage of intracellular globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) in numerous organs, including the kidneys, heart and nerve system. The established treatment for 20 years is intravenous enzyme replacement therapy. Lately, oral chaperone therapy was introduced and is a therapeutic alternative in patients with amenable mutations. Early starting of therapy is essential for long-term improvement. This review describes chaperone therapy in Fabry disease.     

人机合作机器人重力平衡设计

为提高人—机器人合作的质量,研究了机器人机构的重力平衡方法,以减小其带给操作者的重力感受．对于关节式机器人结构,采用拉弹簧的方式对机器人重力进行较大范围的平衡;通过对弹簧刚度和预变形的设计,使得随着机构的运动,弹簧系统可以适当调节弹簧力以实现机构在各种位形下重力的自主平衡．在机器人运动范围内的若干点对设计方案进行了验证,各关节的残余重力矩是原始重力矩的1~10%．结果说明,该设计可以基本实现重力平衡．     

Saddle-point based separation of touched objects in 2-D image

In many image analysis and processing problems, discriminating the size and shape of each individual object in an aggregate pile projected in an image is an important practice. It is relatively easy to distinguish these features among the objects already separated from each other. The problems will be undoubtedly more complex and of greater challenge if the objects are touched or/and overlapped. This letter presents an algorithm that can be used to separate the touches and overlaps existing in the objects within a 2-D image, The approach is first to convert the gray-scale image to its corresponding binary one and then to the 3-D topographic one using the erosion operations. A template （or mask） is engineered to search the topographic surface for the saddle point, from which the segmenting orientation is determined followed by the desired separating operation, The algorithm is tested on a real image and the running result is adequately satisfying and encouraging.     

The influence of chemical interesterification on the physicochemical properties of complex fat systems. 2. Morphology and polymorphism

Palm oil-soybean oil (POSBO) blends and lard-canola oil (LCO) blends were chemically interesterified with sodium methoxide. Changes in crystal morphology using polarized light microscopy and crystal polymorphic behavior using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) were studied. Spherulitic crystalline particles, measuring 10–20 μm, were detected in palm oil (PO). These spherulitic particles were characterized by a dense core surrounded by a lower-density halo region. PO fat-crystal morphology was not greatly altered on addition of soybean oil (SBO), except for a gradual reduction in spherulite size as the amount of SBO in the blends was increased. Chemical interesterification (IE) did not alter PO or POSBO blend fat-crystal morphology significantly. Irregular particles and spherulites of different sizes and shapes were observed in lard, from small crystals to irregular, angular crystal aggregates. Changes in lard fat-crystal morphology due to the addition of canola oil (CO) were concentration-dependent. In general, spherulite diameter decreased with increasing CO addition. IE dramatically altered lard fat-crystal morphology—IE induced the formation of more symmetrical spherulitic crystalline particles, and the halo-to-core ratio was increased significantly. XRD spectroscopic analysis of POSBO blends revealed small changes in the long spacings of PO fat crystals with either blending or IE; all values were close to 45 ?. Short spacings of fat crystals in noninteresterified (NIE) POSBO blends suggested the predominance of β′ polymorphs. IE led to an increase in the proportion of the β polymorph in PO and POSBO blends. Long spacings of NIE lard fat crystals suggested the presence of a bilayer structure in their unit cells (45 ?). Dilution with ≥10% canola oil led to the appearance of a second reflection at 35 ?. β′ polymorphs were predominantly detected in NIE lard and NIE LCO blends. The β polymorph became more evident with increasing addition of CO. Fat crystals in IE lard and IE LCO blends displayed a single long-spacing reflection at 40 ?. IE of lard and LCO blends induced the formation of β polymorphs.     

X‐Ray reflectivity study of polyimide thin films swollen by 1,3‐butadiene and n‐butane

X‐ray reflectivity measurements were performed on two different polyimide thin films synthesized from 2,2‐bis(3,4‐carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) in 1,3‐butadiene and n‐butane. In 1,3‐butadiene at 2.3 atm, the film thickness increased by 24–30%. However, the film thickness increased by only 10% in n‐butane at 2.3 atm. Excessive increases in film thickness were shown in 1,3‐butadiene, but the decreases in film density were minor. The probability of the condensation of 1,3‐butadiene in the films is indicated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1818–1825, 2000     

改进禁忌算法在无功优化中的应用

提出一种基于改进禁忌算法的无功优化方法,该算法不仅对初值没有特殊要求,而且减少了在候选解集中为了达到一定数量满足约束的个体而进行的大量搜索与计算;同时解决了禁忌算法在高精度情形下,无法爬坡的缺点。最后在IEEE30节点系统上验证了该算法的优越性。     

A preliminary study on the occurrence and behavior of sulfonamides, ofloxacin and chloramphenicol antimicrobials in wastewaters of two sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou, China

Wastewater samples collected from two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Guangzhou, China were acidified, solid-phase extracted (SPE) with Oasis HLB cartridges, followed by instrumental measurement by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a diode array UV detector (DAD) and a fluorescence detector (FLD) for the occurrence and fate of antimicrobial compounds sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ofloxacin (OFX) and chloramphenicol (CAP). Antimicrobials have been detected at 5.10-5.15, 5.45-7.91, 3.52-5.56 and 1.73-2.43 microg L(-1) for SDZ, SMX, OFX and CAP in the raw sewages of the two STPs, respectively. The concentrations of antimicrobials do not show substantial changes after preliminary mechanical sedimentation. No quantifiable sulfonamides and chloramphenicol have been identified, and >85% of ofloxacin has been removed in the effluents after activated sludge treatment in the two STPs, indicating that activated sludge treatment is effective and necessary to remove antimicrobial substances in municipal sewage.     

三维数值模拟技术在深部大型发电站厂房信息化施工中的应用

提出一种可以综合考虑围岩节理分布特性、爆破施工损伤以及施工过程的新三维快速数值仿真模拟技术,并将其成功地应用于日本宫崎县120×10~4kW蓄能水力发电工程大型地下厂房的信息化施工中。依据多种测试手段,对开挖后围岩的稳定性和变形进行实时监测,并对数值模型进行三维反演分析和修正,比较准确地预测了围岩的动态变化过程,并对支护结构设计的可靠性和合理性进行了详细的论证。