Determinants of exercise intention and behavior during and after phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation: An application of the theory of planned behavior.

Objective: To evaluate the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for understanding exercise motivation during and after Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Design and Participants: Patients (57 men and 24 women) completed a TPB questionnaire that included attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and exercise intentions pre- and post-Phase 2 CR. Results: During Phase 2 CR, regression analyses indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 38% of the variance in exercise intention while intention explained 23% of the variance in exercise adherence. At postrehabilitation follow-up, attitudes, subjective norm, and PBC explained 51 % of the variance in exercise intention while intention explained 23% of the variance in exercise adherence. Conclusion: The TPB is a useful framework for understanding exercise intentions and behavior both during and after Phase 2 CR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Depletion of Antioxidants from a HDPE Geomembrane in a Composite Liner

The results of two series of accelerated aging tests are reported. Both series of tests were conducted at temperatures of 85, 70, 55, and 26°C over a period of about 3?years. In the simulated liner series, the top of the geomembrane was covered with a geotextile (protection) layer that was exposed to simulated municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate while the bottom of the geomembrane was in contact with a hydrated geosynthetic clay liner. In the immersion series, the geomembrane was immersed in the simulated MSW leachate, and hence, both sides were exposed to leachate. The results from oxidative induction time tests indicate that the antioxidant depletion is about 2.2–4.8 times faster for the leachate immersed geomembrane than for geomembrane in a composite liner. The higher rates are attributed to the higher extraction of antioxidants from two sides of the geomembrane immersed in leachate. The measured antioxidant depletion rates are extrapolated to a range of temperatures (0–60°C) using Arrhenius modeling. At a liner temperature of 35°C, the calculated time for the depletion of antioxidants is about 40?years for a geomembrane in a composite liner compared to 10?years if it is simply immersed in leachate. These tests suggest that to obtain realistic estimates of geomembrane service life one needs data from tests that simulate the expected field conditions and that prediction based on immersion tests may underestimate the service life.     

FPGA推动多用户信息娱乐功能

汽车的信息娱乐特性和功能随着每一代车辆而发展。对于汽车的信息娱乐，几乎每个人都关注经典的4门轿车。那么乘载不同偏爱的8个或更多人员的车辆又会怎样呢？同时向每一位乘客发送唯一的媒体流是可能的，就像飞机上的乘客有广泛的视频、音频甚至游戏选择。汽车的信息娱乐功能迅速地成为在航空市场找得到的东西的扩展。一些具有通信系统的汽车的多媒体功能能够访问Internet，     

Aging of HDPE Geomembrane in Three Composite Landfill Liner Configurations

Laboratory-accelerated aging experiments conducted to examine the depletion of antioxidant from a geomembrane (GM) underlain by a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) are described. Three different “protection” layers between the GM and overlying gravel and leachate are examined: (1) A traditional nonwoven geotextile (GT); (2) a GT-GCL; and (3) a GT-sand-GT layer. The GT-GCL protection layer gives an antioxidant depletion rate 0.59 to 0.66 times slower than the GT layer alone. The GT-sand-GT layer gives depletion rates 0.72–0.75 times that of the conventional GT alone. Based on Arrhenius modeling, the time required for depletion of antioxidants at 35°C is estimated to be 65 years for a GM with a GT-GCL protection layer, 50 years for a GT-sand-GT layer, and 40 years for a conventional GT protection layer. These times are all significantly greater than the depletion time for GM immersed in leachate (10 years) for the geomembrane tested.     

Using full matching to estimate causal effects in nonexperimental studies: Examining the relationship between adolescent marijuana use and adult outcomes.

Matching methods such as nearest neighbor propensity score matching are increasingly popular techniques for controlling confounding in nonexperimental studies. However, simple k:1 matching methods, which select k well-matched comparison individuals for each treated individual, are sometimes criticized for being overly restrictive and discarding data (the unmatched comparison individuals). The authors illustrate the use of a more flexible method called full matching. Full matching makes use of all individuals in the data by forming a series of matched sets in which each set has either 1 treated individual and multiple comparison individuals or 1 comparison individual and multiple treated individuals. Full matching has been shown to be particularly effective at reducing bias due to observed confounding variables. The authors illustrate this approach using data from the Woodlawn Study, examining the relationship between adolescent marijuana use and adult outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intermediate temperature oxidation in silicon nitride yttria ceramics

Silicon nitride billets with both 4% and 8% Y₂O₃ additives have been subjected to oxidation treatments for up to 300 h, in air, in the temperature range 700 to 1000° C. Flexure strength and weight gain measurements together with both scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies were conducted on these billets in an effort to understand the oxidation process. It appears that the degradation phenomena is associated with both the formation of phases outside the Si₃N₄-Si₂ON₂-Y₂Si₂O₇ compatibility triangle of the system Si₃N₄-SiO₂-Y₂O₃ and with the decomposition of W-containing phases at and near the grain boundaries.     

A phase 3b,multicenter, open-label,single-arm study of roxadustat (ASPEN): Operational learnings within United States dialysis organizations

Introduction

Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved in several regions for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD). ASPEN evaluated the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat in patients with anemia of CKD in US dialysis organizations.

Methods

This open-label, single-arm study (NCT04484857) comprised a 6-week screening period, followed by 24 weeks of treatment (with optional extension ≤1 year) and a 4-week follow-up. Patients aged ≥18 years, receiving chronic dialysis, with hemoglobin (Hb) 9.0–12.0 g/dL if converting from erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), or <10.0 g/dL if receiving ESAs for <6 weeks, received oral roxadustat three times weekly in-center. Primary efficacy endpoints included proportion of patients with mean Hb ≥10 g/dL, averaged over weeks 16–24, and mean Hb change from baseline to the average over weeks 16–24. Safety was also assessed.

Findings

Overall, 283 patients were enrolled and treated, 282 (99.6%) were included in the full analysis set, and 216 (76.3%) continued into the extension period. Most patients enrolled were from DaVita sites (71%), with the rest from US Renal Care sites (29%). Mean (standard deviation [SD]) baseline Hb was 10.6 (0.7) g/dL. Nearly all patients were prior ESA users (n = 274; 97.2%). The proportion of patients with mean Hb ≥10 g/dL during weeks 16–24 was 83.7% (95% confidence interval 78.9–88.6). Mean (SD) Hb increase from baseline to the average over weeks 16–24 was 0.2 (1.0) g/dL. During the treatment period, 82 (29.0%) patients reported treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs). The most common TESAEs were COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 10; 3.5%), acute respiratory failure (n = 9; 3.2%), COVID-19 (n = 7; 2.5%), acute myocardial infarction (n = 7; 2.5%), and fluid overload (n = 6, 2.1%).

Discussion

Roxadustat was effective in maintaining Hb in patients with anemia of CKD on dialysis in large, community-based dialysis organizations.     

A Two-Dimensional Approach to Systems Development

Although many variables can contribute to the failure of a systems development project, the use of the traditional f one-dimensional systems development life cycle approach is often a major factor in the failure of such an effort This article describes an alternative method— the two-dimensional approach to systems development— and discusses why IS managers should consider adopting this new development approach.     

Investigation of the Heterogeneity of Disruptive Behaviour in Elementary-Age Children.

We evaluated parent and teacher ratings of a large sample (N=1579) of elementary-school children in Canada to determine how different conceptualizations of disruptive behaviour are co-related and related to other measures of functioning. Parent and teacher ratings were consistent, and suggested three separate but correlated aspects of disruptive behaviour in children: (1) reactive/oppositional behaviour, (2) proactive/callous behaviour; and (3) inattention-impulsive-overactive behaviour. These were uniquely and significantly related to DSM-IV diagnostic scores and to other measure of impairment, indicating that they measure distinct aspects of disruptive behaviour in children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)