Detubularized folded O-shaped ileal bladder

Using a submucosal needle tunneling technique for ureteral implantation, detubularized folded O-shaped ileal bladders were created for seven patients in need of bladder replacement. A segment of ileum of only 300 to 400 mm in length was required. Anastomosis of the reservoir to the urethra was simply performed by tailoring the ileum to reduce tension at the anastomosis site. Follow-up periods ranged from 24 to 46 months. Excellent upper tract function and good evacuation function with minimal residual urine were demonstrated. Urodynamic studies revealed a mean bladder capacity of 367 mL, with low intra-ileobladder pressure. All patients are continent during the day. Mild enuresis was noted in three patients. No reflux was noted on follow-up voiding cystourethrography. This type of ileal bladder is simple to create and provides reliable results. The presence of a short mesentery is not a serious limiting factor.     

实施有效的水管理比技术措施更重要

英联邦科学与工业研究组织土地与水研究所有30多名科学家、大学兼职教授,有水文、农业等方面的专家,因为水问题非常复杂,要研究水问题,需要多学科专家的参与.     

如何设计兼具隔离效果和安全性的医疗设备

使用交流电源的医疗设备,可能会因不恰当的接地和电气隔离造成漏电,让患者和医疗人员暴露在危险之下,同时漏电也可能影响到邻近其它医疗设备的性能.对医疗设备来说,EMC是一个相当重要的条件,从2005年11月开始,医疗设备必须符合国际电工委员会(IEC)更新后的IEC 60601-1-2:2001EMC标准.     

Changes in muscle morphology, electromyographic activity, and force production characteristics during progressive strength training in young and older men

Effects of a 10-week progressive strength training program composed of a mixture of exercises for increasing muscle mass, maximal peak force, and explosive strength (rapid force production) were examined in 8 young (YM) (29+/-5 yrs) and 10 old (OM) (61+/-4 yrs) men. Electromyographic activity, maximal bilateral isometric peak force, and maximal rate of force development (RFD) of the knee extensors, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris (QF), muscle fiber proportion, and fiber areas of types I, IIa, IIb, and IIab of the vastus lateralis were evaluated. Maximal and explosive strength values remained unaltered in both groups during a 3-week control period with no training preceding the strength training. After the 10-week training period, maximal isometric peak force increased from 1311+/-123 N by 15.6% (p <.05) in YM and from 976+/-168 N by 16.5% (p <.01) in OM. The pretraining RFD values of 4049+/-791 N*s(-1) in YM and 2526+/-1197 N*s(-1) in OM remained unaltered. Both groups showed significant increases (p < .05) in the averaged maximum IEMGs of the vastus muscles. The CSA of the QF increased from 90.3+/-7.9 cm2 in YM by 12.2% (p <.05) and from 74.7+/-7.8 cm2 in OM by 8.5% (p <.001). No changes occurred in the muscle fiber distribution of type I during the training, whereas the proportion of subtype IIab increased from 2% to 6% (p < .05) in YM and that of type IIb decreased in both YM from 25% to 16% (p < .01) and in OM from 15% to 6% (p < .05). The mean fiber area of type I increased after the 10-week training in YM (p < .001) and OM (p < .05) as well as that of type IIa in both YM (p < .01) and OM (p < .01). The individual percentage values for type I fibers were inversely correlated with the individual changes recorded during the training in the muscle CSA of the QF (r=-.56, p < .05). The present results suggest that both neural adaptations and the capacity of the skeletal muscle to undergo training-induced hypertrophy even in older people explain the gains observed in maximal force in older men, while rapid force production capacity recorded during the isometric knee extension action remained unaltered during the present mixed strength training program.     

A dose response study of hepatitis A vaccine in healthy adults who are > or = 30 years old and weigh > or = 77 kg

The dose response relationship of 25-, 50-, and 100-U doses of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was examined in 358-seronegative volunteers in a 2-dose schedule. The 50-U and 100-U groups had statistically significantly higher seroconversion rates than the 25-U group at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 24. Seroconversion was statistically significantly greater for the 100-U compared with the 25- and 50-U doses 2 weeks after the first injection but was not significantly different by 4 weeks after the first injection in the 50- and 100-U dose groups. After 2 injections, all subjects in all groups seroconverted. The vaccine was well tolerated at all dosage levels.     

Ribosomal association of poly(A)-binding protein in poly(A)-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Poly(A)-binding protein, the most abundant eukaryotic mRNP protein, is known primarily for its association with polyadenylate tails of mRNA. In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this protein (Pabp) was found to be essential for viability and has been implicated in models featuring roles in mRNA stability and as an enhancer of translation initiation. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, it is thought to require an activity to bind poly(A) tails and an additional capacity for an interaction with 60 S ribosomal subunits, perhaps via ribosomal protein L46 (Rpl46). We have found that a significant amount of Pabp in wild-type cells is not associated with polyribosome complexes. The remaining majority, which is found in these complexes, maintains its association even in yeast cells deficient in polyadenylated mRNA and/or Rpl46. These observations suggest that Pabp may not require interaction with poly(A) tails during translation. Further treatment of polyribosome lysates with agents known to differentially disrupt components of polyribosomes indicated that Pabp may require contact with some RNA component of the polyribosome, which could be either non-poly(A)-rich sequences of the translated mRNA or possibly a component of the ribosome. These findings suggest that Pabp may possess the ability to bind to ribosomes independently of its interaction with poly(A). We discuss these conclusions with respect to current models suggesting a multifunctional binding capacity of Pabp.     

NMDA antagonist displays anticonvulsant effect via NO synthesis inhibition in penicillin-treated rat hippocampal slices

The present study investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in epileptogenesis and whether this role correlated with ionotropic glutamate receptor (IGR). Using a self-constructed NO-sensitive microelectrode (SNM), we observed the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, NMDA and non-NMDA selective antagonists on penicillin(PEN)-treated hippocampal slices by simultaneously recording evoked field potentials and nitric oxide release from CA1 pyramidal neurons. 7-nitroindazole (7-NI),Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and DL-2-amino-phospho-novaleric acid (APV), but not 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3 (1h,4h)-dione(DNQX), depressed NO release and partly reversed PEN's epileptogenetic effect, while APV + 7-NI + L-NNA did not display a further inhibitory effect. These findings suggest both NOS inhibitor and NMDA antagonist involve as anticonvulsant factors in epileptogenesis, providing direct evidence for NO release in response to NMDA receptor activation. The anticonvulsant effect of NMDA antagonist may ascribe to its action on NO release.