Compilation of directly measured nuclear spins of ground states and long-lived isomers

A compilation of the nuclear spins of ground and isomeric states measured by direct methods is presented. The first compilation of direct measurements of nuclear spins and moments was published in 1976 (G. H. Fuller, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 5, 835, (1976)) with literature covered up to 1974. To our knowledge, the present work is the first such compilation since then. It is anticipated that the area of direct spin measurement will continue to expand using the state-of-the-art radioactive ion-beam and laser techniques. Literature cutoff date for the present compilation is February 2013. It is intended that the present compilation will be kept updated in a timely manner.     

Magnetically Recyclable Cufe2o4 Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Green Synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane as CL-20 Explosive Precursor

Magnetic nanoparticles of copper ferrite (CuFe₂O₄ MNPs) have been simply prepared and applied as an efficient recyclable and reusable catalyst for the green synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0^5,9.0^3,11]dodecane (HBIW). The structure of the synthesized pure HBIW (recrystallization from ethanol) was confirmed by using various spectral techniques like infrared (IR), ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and some of its physical properties. The prepared catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). In addition, CuFe₂O₄ MNPs could be reused up to seven runs without any significant loss of activity. Finally, the remarkable advantages of this method are the simple experimental procedure, shorter reaction times, simple workup, and green aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts and high yield of product.     

The Effects of Production Rate and Initial Pressure Difference (pi – pdew ) in Well Test Analysis of Gas Condensate Reservoirs

Abstract

The theoretical basis for the analysis of well test data presented in this study is the use of a pseudopressure function to linearize the flow of gas condensate in porous media. In this article different techniques to analyze gas condensate well tests using single-phase pseudopressure and two-phase pseudopressure are considered. The main objective of this work was to examine the available methods for well test analysis of gas condensate reservoirs and investigate the effect of production rate and initial pressure difference (p_i – p_dew ) on these methods. Sensitivities of the two-phase pseudopressure methods and single-phase method are presented.

However, at higher endpoint relative permeability, a lower prediction from single-phase pseudopressure analysis is obtained. A lower difference between p_i and p_dew causes larger condensate bank size and larger Region 2 and therefore better prediction of Raghavan's approach.     

Time–Temperature-Transformation Cure Diagram of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites

This work describes the effects of multiwall carbon nanotube on the isothermal time–temperature-transformation cure diagram to obtain a comprehensive cure map for a 2 wt% multiwall carbon nanotube/epoxy composite. The viscoelastic and thermal properties of the nanocomposites for a wide range of isothermal cure temperatures were obtained using a strain-controlled rheometer ARES TA and a differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal and rheological analyses were used to investigate the vitrification and the gelation of the nanocomposite, and to draw the time–temperature-transformation diagram. This diagram is completed by adding the iso-viscosity curves.     

CFD Modeling of Air Flow on Wall Deposition in Different Spray Dryer Geometries

Wall deposition is one of the most conventional problems in the spray drying process. The operation of a spray dryer is affected by the wall deposition fluxes inside the equipment. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was used to investigate the effect of spray dryer geometry on wall deposition. A CFD model was developed for different geometries of spray dryer with a conical (case A) or a parabolic (cases B and C) bottom. The results implied that the parabolic geometry resulted in a lower deposition rate on the spray dryer walls. A comparison of results using the P-values (F-test) of the air velocity, in the conical and parabolic geometries, showed that there was a significant difference in air stability between them. The flow field in conical geometry case A was significantly more unstable, and parabolic geometry case C produced the most uniform airflow patterns. Moreover, the higher wall shear stress in case C, with lower values of the vorticity, would result in less wall deposition.     

Biological evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel crosslinked by polyurethane chain for cartilage tissue engineering in rabbit model

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel chains were crosslinked by urethane pre-polymer (PPU) in order to fabricate a new substitute for cartilage lesions. The microscopy images showed that the cultured chondrocytes had spherical morphology on PVA–PPU sample after 4 weeks of isolation in vitro. The alcian blue and safranin O staining proved the presence of proteoglycan on the surface of PVA–PPU sample secreted by cultured chondrocytes. This was confirmed by the detection of sulfate ions in the wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) analysis. In addition, the expression of collagen type II and aggrecan were observed in chondrocytes cultured on PVA–PPU by RT-PCR. Moreover, the implantation of the PVA–PPU sample with autologous cultured chondrocytes revealed the formation of neocartilage tissue in a rabbit model during 12 weeks follow up. In conclusion, the results verified that isolated chondrocytes cultured on PVA–PPU retain their original phenotype and this composition can be considered as promising substrate for cartilage tissue engineering.     

Fabrication and characterization of exfoliated chitosan–gelatin–montmorillonite nanocomposite nanofibers

Polymeric nanofibers as one of the most known nanotechnology products have huge potential applications in many fields due to their high aspect ratio and porosity, being capable of formation of three-dimensional structures and having great mechanical and biological properties. Chitosan is a natural abundant polymer which has attracted huge interests in biomedical and biological industries due to its biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxicity properties. However, electrospinning of chitosan is found to be a great challenge, blending it with other polymers such as gelatin was explored as means to improve the morphological deficiencies of chitosan nanofibers and facilitate its electrospinnability. On the other hand, montmorillonite (MMT) has been attracted great attention due to its remarkable improvement in properties of polymeric composites nanofibers. The main objective of this work was on effect of concretion of gelatin–chitosan blends and MMT on morphology of resulted nanocomposite nanofibers. The x-ray diffraction data demonstrated the exfoliation of MMT layers. The morphology of electrospun chiosan–gelatin–MMT composite nanofibers was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The miscibility of blend was determined using SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer/attenuated total reflectance.