Significance of adrenal hormones in brain energy metabolism

Intensity of glycolysis was studied under conditions of immobilization stress and adrenalectomy as well as with administration of adrenaline and hydrocortisone. The processes of aerobic glycolysis, activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondria respiratory chain, content of total, free and protein-bound glycogen, glucose-I-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, cytrate and macroergs in the brain are shown to depend on the level of adrenal hormones producing a multilateral effect on a series of energy metabolism links.     

Effect of split doses of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on DNA repair synthesis in cultured mammalian cells

DNA repair was measured in human fibroblasts, mouse C3H 10 T 1/2 fibroblsts and rat hepatocytes by the non-semi-conservative incorporation of [3H]-TdR during DNA repair synthesis using liquid scintillation techniques. Confluent monolayers of these cells grown on cover slips were exposed to split doses (125 or 250 microgram/ml) of the mutagenic and carcinogenic alkylating agent MNU and DNA repair synthesis compared with that produced by a single dose (500 microgram/ml). No significant difference in DNA repair capacity was detected in the three cell lines treated with a single dose or split doses of MNU.     

Performance monitoring of the EC - 1030 system by a microprocessor - based monitor

This paper presents a M6800 microprocessor based hardware monitor for measuring certain selected parameters of the EC-1030 computer system. The motivation for this work was to get an insight into the operation of the system under the present work load and use these results towards improvement and design studies. The three main classes of quantitative indices of computer system performance/productivity, responsiveness and use have been measured using hardware and software tools. This paper describes the hardware monitor design and discusses the measurements made.     

Reduction of poliovirus 1, bacteriophages,Salmonella montevideo,and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on strawberries by physical and disinfectant washes

The efficacy levels of different physical and chemical washing treatments in the reduction of viral and bacterial pathogens from inoculated strawberries were evaluated. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Montevideo, poliovirus 1, and the bacteriophages PRD1, phiX174, and MS2 were used as model and surrogate organisms. Chemicals readily available to producers and/or consumers were evaluated as antimicrobial additives for the production of washes. The gentle agitation of contaminated strawberries in water for 2 min led to reductions in microbial populations ranging from 41 to 79% and from 62 to 90% at water temperatures of 22 and 43 degrees C, respectively. Significant reductions (> 98%) in numbers of bacteria and viruses were obtained with sodium hypochlorite (50 to 300 ppm of free chlorine), Oxine or Carnebon (200 ppm of product generating "stabilized chlorine dioxide"), Tsunami (100 ppm of peroxyacetic acid), and Alcide (100 or 200 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite) washes. Overall, 200 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite produced the greatest reductions of microorganisms. Hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) was slightly less effective than free chlorine in a strawberry wash and caused slight fruit discoloration. Cetylpyridinium chloride (0.1%) was effective in the reduction of bacterial species, while trisodium phosphate (1%) was effective against viruses. The consumer-oriented produce wash Fit was very effective (> 99%) in reducing the numbers of bacteria but not in reducing the numbers of viruses. Another wash, Healthy Harvest, was significantly less effective than Fit in reducing bacterial pathogens but more effective for viruses. The performance of automatic dishwashing detergent was similar to that of Healthy Harvest and significantly better than that of liquid dishwashing detergent. Solutions containing table salt (2% NaCl) or vinegar (10%) reduced the numbers of bacteria by about 90%, whereas only the vinegar wash reduced the numbers of viruses significantly (ca. 95%).     

Data perturbation for fewer triangles in marching tetrahedra

A simple efficient method is proposed to reduce the total number of triangles in an isosurface extraction method based on tetrahedral decomposition. We slightly perturb the input volumetric data so that useless small and thin triangles are removed. The perturbed volumetric data contain the exact isovalues from which a mesh is extracted. Since the proposed method is a pre-process of an isosurface extraction, it is not necessary to modify the mesh structure unlike the other similar methods.     

Au–Sn flip-chip solder bump for microelectronic and optoelectronic applications

As an alternative to the time-consuming solder pre-forms and pastes currently used, a co-electroplating method of eutectic Au–Sn alloy was used in this study. Using a co-electroplating process, it was possible to plate the Au–Sn solder directly onto a wafer at or near the eutectic composition from a single solution. Two distinct phases, Au₅Sn (ζ-phase) and AuSn (δ-phase), were deposited at a composition of 30 at.%Sn. The Au–Sn flip-chip joints were formed at 300 and 400°C without using any flux. In the case where the samples were reflowed at 300°C, only an (Au,Ni)₃Sn₂ IMC layer formed at the interface between the Au–Sn solder and Ni UBM. On the other hand, two IMC layers, (Au,Ni)₃Sn₂ and (Au,Ni)₃Sn, were found at the interfaces of the samples reflowed at 400°C. As the reflow time increased, the thickness of the (Au,Ni)₃Sn₂ and (Au,Ni)₃Sn IMC layers formed at the interface increased and the eutectic lamellae in the bulk solder coarsened.