The Properties of Gas Flows for Different Flow Conditions Through Laval Nozzles

For all possible types of gas flow through a Laval nozzle, a group of “operating” conditions are distinguished with particular properties characteristic for these conditions, which open up the possibility of effectively solving the problems involved in designing instruments for measuring gas flow rate and their metrological facilities.__________Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 40–44, April, 2005.     

Visual quality of watermarking for mobile devices

Abstract— In this study, the visual quality of watermarked images, displayed on mobile devices, are evaluated. A watermarking technique in the spatial domain where a watermark is embedded into an image is considered. Three different types of images are considered and for each image five values of watermarking magnitude were tested. The difference in human evaluation of visual quality of a watermarked image, depending upon image properties and the properties of a display was evaluated. In visual assessment tests, images from a mobile phone, PDA, and CRT were used. The visual quality of watermarked image was evaluated by 20 human observers. The results were quantified using statistical testing. The results show that for high‐end displays the magnitude used for watermarking is a critical factor in image quality. In mobile devices the magnitude used for watermarking has little visual effect, especially for technical drawings. Recommendations for proper parameters are given.     

Effect of ice surface orientation on intensity of water-to-ice heat transfer under free convection conditions

A graphical construction permitting determination of the heat-transfer coefficient for various slopes of an ice surface is proposed.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 447–451, March, 1984.     

RhII-Catalyzed De-symmetrization of Ethane-1,2-dithiol and Propane-1,3-dithiol Yields Metallo-β-lactamase Inhibitors

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a rich source for novel lead structures in Medicinal Chemistry. In this study, we present a DOS-compatible method for synthesis of compounds bearing a free thiol moiety. The procedure relies on Rh(II)-catalyzed coupling of dithiols to diazo building blocks. The synthetized library was probed against metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) NDM-1 and VIM-1. Biochemical and biological evaluation led to identification of novel potent MBL inhibitors with antibiotic adjuvant activity.     

Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors as Candidates for Combination Therapy of Solid Tumors

Combination therapy is becoming imperative for the treatment of many cancers, as it provides a higher chance of avoiding drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Among the resistance-conferring factors, the tumor microenvironment plays a major role, and therefore, represents a viable target for adjuvant therapeutic agents. Thus, hypoxia and extracellular acidosis are known to select for the most aggressive and resilient phenotypes and build poorly responsive regions of the tumor mass. Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) IX isoform is a surficial zinc metalloenzyme that is proven to play a central role in regulating intra and extracellular pH, as well as modulating invasion and metastasis processes. With its strong association and distribution in various tumor tissues and well-known druggability, this protein holds great promise as a target to pharmacologically interfere with the tumor microenvironment by using drug combination regimens. In the present review, we summarized recent publications revealing the potential of CA IX inhibitors to intensify cancer chemotherapy and overcome drug resistance in preclinical settings.     

基于地海杂波分类的高频雷达监测区识别方法

介绍了高频超视距雷达条件下,通过回波频谱提取地海杂波分布图对雷达监控区的准确位置进行识别的方法。该方法计算地海杂波频谱的空间导数变化关系、提取地海杂波分布图并与实际的地理分布图进行一致性比对,从而对雷达的监测区进行准确识别,最终校正由电离层反射引起的系统测量误差。实测雷达数据的处理结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

All-plasmonic modulation via stimulated emission of copropagating surface plasmon polaritons on a substrate with gain

We experimentally demonstrate suppressed absorption and stimulated emission of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) leading to all-plasmonic modulation of an SPP signal propagating at the interface between a metal and a gain medium; these observations are supported by the developed theory. The use of copropagating signal and control waves can provide more than 10 times more efficient SPP stimulated emission compared to out-of-plane pumping and opens up the possibility to realize integratable plasmonic components for active nanophotonic circuitry.