顶空-气相色谱法测定溶剂型油墨中22种有机溶剂

目的 建立同时测定现代溶剂型油墨中22种溶剂残留量的检测方法,为溶剂型油墨溶剂残留量的监管提供技术支持。方法 通过优化混合标准工作溶液的配制,采用优化的色谱条件,用HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱分离待测化合物、外标法定量的顶空气相色谱方式检测溶剂型油墨的22种溶剂残留量。结果 22种溶剂均能较好的分离,且呈现良好的线性关系;相关系数均在0.999以上,检出限为0.000 21～0.000 55 mg/m²,回收率为85.92%～102.51%,精密度为0.46%～5.73%。结论 该方法分离度好、灵敏度高、精密度好、准确度高,在实际样品检测中,取得了良好的效果,可为溶剂型油墨溶剂残留量的监管提供技术支持。     

木材工业通风除尘系统的经济性分析

从通风除尘带来的经济效益和对通风除尘所需的经费两个方面,对木材工业通风除尘系统进行了经济性分析.     

Potential for improvement in yeast nutrition in raw whole grain sorghum and maize lager brewing and bioethanol production through grain genetic modification and phytase treatment

Brewing and bioethanol production with raw grain and exogenous enzymes produces wort with satisfactory hot water extract (HWE). However, the free amino nitrogen (FAN) and mineral content can be too low, owing to low protein digestibility (PD) and phytate–mineral chelation, respectively. This study evaluated the potential for improvement in yeast nutrition in raw whole sorghum and maize brewing and bioethanol production by genetic modification (GM) of sorghum to improve PD and reduce phytate content, and by treatment with exogenous phytase. While phytase addition decreased sorghum spent grain phytate content (88%) and content of minerals (17 to 59%; i.e. increased wort mineral content), it did not affect maize phytate spent grain mineral content or HWE significantly. However, phytase addition did increase maize wort FAN (20%), sorghum HWE (2.8 percentage points) and wort FAN (23%). GM sorghum gave reduced spent grain mineral contents (11–38%), increased HWE (5.5 percentage points) and wort FAN (71%). Hence, genetic modification of sorghum to improve PD and reduce phytate content has considerable potential in raw grain brewing and bioethanol production to improve yeast nutrition. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

发酵和焙烤对可可豆多酚、黄酮和风味品质的影响

本实验采用高效液相色谱仪（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）、色差仪、电子鼻分别检测未发酵、发酵和焙烤海南可可豆的总酚含量、总黄酮含量、色度和可可豆风味差异。结果表明：未经焙烤的未发酵豆总酚（464.03 mg/10 g）和总黄酮（126.86 mg/10 g）含量明显高于发酵豆总酚（211.86 mg/10 g）和总黄酮（61.98 mg/10 g）含量。105～145 ℃焙烤30 min,未发酵豆总酚和总黄酮含量分别为419.5～129.8 mg/10 g和77.8～16.8 mg/10 g;发酵豆总酚和总黄酮含量分别为182.53～86.25 mg/10 g和34.7～7.0 mg/10 g。其中,125 ℃焙烤20～40 min,未发酵豆总酚和黄酮含量分别为353.74～289.45 mg/10 g和42.86～32.20 mg/10 g;发酵豆总酚和黄酮含量分别为152.08～123.55 mg/10 g和25.12～21.14 mg/10 g。在105～145 ℃的温度焙烤下没食子酸含量变化显著。可可豆色度值的范围：L*值集中在40.0～47.0之间,a*值集中在5.0～6.8之间,b*值集中在4.0～8.5之间。未发酵和发酵可可豆之间,以及不同温度焙烤可可豆之间的电子感官风味分析结果差异较大。     

高温米糠粕蒸汽闪爆工艺优化及蛋白性质分析

为提高高温米糠粕中蛋白质的溶解性,以高温米糠粕为原料,研究蒸汽闪爆处理高温米糠粕以提高蛋白质溶解性的最优工艺条件。选择蒸汽压力、保压时间、含水率和颗粒度4个因素分别进行单因素试验,根据单因素试验结果设计Box-Behnken试验,以氮溶解指数为指标值,采用响应面分析法确定蒸汽闪爆处理的最优工艺参数,并采用扫描电镜、差示扫描热量和表面疏水性测定等方法,对高温米糠蛋白蒸汽闪爆后理化性质的变化进行了研究。结果表明:最优工艺参数为蒸汽压力2.3 MPa、保压时间210 s、含水率57%、颗粒度50目,此条件下氮溶解指数为57.23%,比优化前提高了1.65倍。经蒸汽闪爆处理后米糠粕的聚集体分散开来,整体形态不再保持完整性,且米糠分离蛋白的热稳定性和表面疏水性显著下降。蒸汽闪爆处理能显著改善高温米糠蛋白质的溶解性。     

THE SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENT BREWING YEAST STRAINS TO CARBON DIOXIDE INHIBITION: FERMENTATION AND PRODUCTION OF FLAVOUR-ACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS

The sensitivity of brewing yeast strains, with different oxygen demands, to carbon dioxide inhibition was investigated. Laboratory fermentations were performed with, and without, protein-based “yeast foods” to lower dissolved CO₂ during fermentation. Differences were observed in yeast fermentative performance in the presence and absence of “yeast foods” for all yeast strains tested. Fermentation performance was improved with the addition of “yeast foods”. There was improved carbohydrate utilisation and amino acid uptake, while acetaldehyde levels at the end of fermentation were decreased. There was an increase in fusel oil production and acetate ester levels at the end of fermentation. Sulphur dioxide levels at the end of fermentation were unaffected by “yeast food” addition. Different yeast strains displayed differing sensitivity to CO₂ inhibition for all parameters tested. Sensitivity to CO₂ was not found to be related to oxygen demand of the yeast strains.     

辽宁中小型水工建筑物水位变化区的冻害分析及防治措施

文章对辽宁地区中小型水工建筑物在负温冻融情况下遭受冻害的原因进行了分析,并提出了水工混凝土冻害的防治措施技术,以便提高水利工程质量的控制措施.     

Evaluation of culture media for enumeration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium animalis in the presence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

The study compared the growth capability of probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus La05, Lactobacillus casei Lc01 and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb12) and non-probiotic (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) cultures on twenty-one culture media grouped according to selectivity: non-selective agars, selective agars without antibiotics and MRS agars containing different combinations of lithium chloride, cystein, bile salts and antibiotics. Four of these media were selected for quantitative enumeration of L. acidophilus La05, L. casei Lc01, and B. animalis Bb12. The best culture media and incubation conditions for enumeration of the probiotic cultures were: B. animalis: MRS agar with dicloxacillin, 37 °C or 42 °C, anaerobiosis; L. acidophilus: MRS agar with bile salts, 37 °C or 42 °C, aerobiosis; L. casei: MRS agar with lithium chloride and sodium propionate, 37 °C or 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis. Plating on MRS with glucose replaced by maltose, 37 °C or 42 °C, anaerobiosis, will distinguish probiotic from non-probiotic cultures. For enumeration of each probiotic in a mixed culture, the following media and incubation conditions were recommended: B. animalis: 4ABC-MRS, 42 °C, anaerobiosis, L. acidophilus: LC medium, 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis and L. casei: LP-MRS, 42 °C, aerobiosis or anaerobiosis. In all experiments, differences in counts using pour plating or surface plating were not significant (P ≤ 0.05).     

Automation in the hematology laboratory

In the routine laboratory for hematology conflicting results may be obtained for the red blood cell parameters with the Coulter Counter Model S. These parameters2) are: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). When the values of the MCHC are above 36 g/dl something must be wrong with the blood sample of the patient. One of the reasons can be agglutination e.g. by cold agglutinins. The blood sample should be reanalysed before and after heating for 1 hour at 37 degrees C. If the values change: cold agglutinins are present; if no change occurs paraproteins, or other disturbing factors, such as bilirubin or high leucocyte levels, will be found. MCH values may also be high in some cases e.g. if the red blood cells are coated with antibodies (Coombs test positive) or after ingestion of medicines like Azathioprine. These examples show that it is possible in some cases to correlate immunological findings with the red blood cell parameters. In addition to the results with the Coulter Counter Model S, some observations on the Hemalog (Technicon) are also presented.