辣椒碱的合成研究进展

辣椒碱广泛应用于医药、农药等领域。本文综述了辣椒碱的合成研究进展,指出了辣椒碱合成研究中存在的主要问题一一如何立体选择性地合成出反式双键,以及烯烃的顺式结构转变为反式结构的异构化反应。最后展望了辣椒碱合成研究的发展方向。     

用硫化黑废水制取硫代硫酸钠的研究

在硫化染料行业中用硫化钠还原硝基为氨基时会产生大量染料废水,这些高色度、含有强还原物的废水如不处理直接排放,将对环境(地表水、地下水及空气)造成严重污染.介绍了南风化工集团钡业分公司利用硫化黑染料废水制备硫代硫酸钠的方法,即通过对硫化黑染料废水进行脱色絮凝沉降、浓缩蒸发、过滤除杂、结晶脱水等处理,调节废水的pH约为6,并且控制溶液的密度为1.530 2～1.563 4 g/mL,温度为40～47 ℃,结晶时间为8～10 h,生产出合格的工业级硫代硫酸钠,不仅解决了硫化染料废水处理的问题、保护了环境,而且也给公司创造了经济效益.     

Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bacteria by Composite Photocatalysts of Palladium Oxide and Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxide

Composite photocatalysts of palladium oxide and nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (PdO/TiON) were synthesized by a sol–gel process, as convenient forms of nanopowder or immobilized powder on nanofiber. The PdO/TiON catalysts were tested for visible-light-activated photocatalysis using different bacterial indicators, including gram-negative cells of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and gram-positive cells of Staphylococcus aureus. Disinfection data indicated that PdO/TiON composite photocatalysts have a much better photocatalytic activity than either palladium-doped (PdO/TiO₂) or nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (TiON) under visible-light illumination. The roles of Pd and N were discussed in terms of the production and separation of the charge carriers under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic activity was thus dependent on dopants and light intensity. Microscopic characterization demonstrated that visible-light photocatalysis on PdO/TiON caused drastic damage on the bacteria cell wall and the cell membrane.     

Advanced lanthanide doped upconversion nanomaterials for lasing emission

Microlasers are narrow-band and coherent light from small cavities, which have been widely applied in biomedicine, optical interconnection, integration devices, etc. Lanthanide doped upconversion materials are potential gain media for microlasers from near infrared (NIR) to visible and UV regimes due to their multi ladder-like metastable energy levels and superior optical frequency conversion capability. The optical feedback from photon scattering of the porous upconversion nanoparticles clusters has been reported to produce upconversion random lasers. The light bouncing back and forth between two reflective surfaces or internal surface has been utilized to achieve modulated upconversion lasing emission. In addition, photon lattices and plasmonic cavities with enhanced electromagnetic fields can amplify the upconversion process within the sub-diffraction volumes and produce highly efficient upconverting lasers. In this review, the recent advances on using lanthanide doped upconversion materials for random, whispering gallery mode (WGM)/Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity and photon lattice/plasmonic cavity modulated upconversion microlasers are overviewed. Current challenges and future directions of the upconverting lasers are also discussed.     

6H-SiC Schottky二极管的正向特性

提出了一种考虑Schottky结势垒不均匀性和界面层作用的Si C Schottky二极管( SBD)正向特性模型,势垒的不均匀性来自于Si C外延层上的各种缺陷,而界面层上的压降会使正向Schottky结的有效势垒增高.该模型能够对不同温度下Si C Schottky结正向特性很好地进行模拟,模拟结果和测量数据相符.它更适用于考虑器件温度变化的场合,从机理上说明了理想因子、有效势垒和温度的关系.     

航天发射试验安全评估软件体系架构

针对目前航天发射事故安全分析软件大多采用通用的建模仿真分析软件的问题,提出一种将"指标体系评估"、"概率风险评估"和"危害度及危害区域评估"三者相结合建立航天发射试验安全评估软件体系架构。依据航天事故的特点,结合现有的评估方法和我国航天任务的需要,通过指标体系优化评价对事故进行危害等级的评估,用概率风险评价进行事故发生概率的计算,将危害度及危害区域评价进行事故后果分析,得到航天发射试验安全评估"三步走"方法。分析结果证明:该软件可对航天发射试验进行全面的安全预测和危害后果分析,将为航天发射试验场的建立和发射任务的实施提供重要的数据及安全保障。     

Flavor formation of tilapia byproduct hydrolysates in Maillard reaction

The Maillard reaction (MR) of tilapia byproduct protein hydrolysates was investigated for the use of byproduct protein as a food ingredient and to mask its fishy odor and bitter flavor. The flavor differences in tilapia byproduct hydrolysates before and after the MR were analyzed to explore the key flavor precursor peptides and amino acids involved in MR. The results suggested that eight key volatile substances, including 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-pentylfuran, hexanal, octanal, nonanal, (E)-2-decenal, decanal, and 1-octen-3-ol contributed most to the MR products group (ROAV > 1). Ten volatile compounds, including 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, 2-pentylfuran, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, methyl decanoate, and 2-octylfuran, were the flavor markers that distinguished the different samples (VIP > 1). The four most consumed peptides were VAPEEHPTL, GPIGPRGPAG, KSADDIKKAF, and VWEGQNIVK. Umami peptides and bitter free amino acids (FAAs) were the key flavor precursor peptide and FAAs, respectively. Overall, the hydrolysates of tilapia byproducts with flavor improved by MR are a promising strategy for the production of flavorings.     

水轮发电机并网装置通讯与测控软件的开发

本文利用图形化编程语言——LabVIEW作为开发平台,并结合并网装置的设计思想和架构,遵循UDP协议与上位机进行通讯,完成了并网装置通讯与测控软件的开发,实现了水轮发电机电磁模型系统电机侧与网侧相角差0°～180°的并网。此通讯与测控软件在水轮发电机电磁模型系统的应用表明,并网装置通讯与测控软件具有开发时间短、模块化、可移植性强、实时性好、界面友好、可靠性高、重复性好等特点。     

基于极限学习机的变压器故障诊断方法研究

针对基于传统智能学习方法的变压器故障诊断存在训练速度慢、需调整的参数多及参数确定困难的问题,本文提出了基于极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)的变压器故障诊断方法。文中根据变压器故障的特点选取输入特征向量,分析了激活函数、隐含层节点数目对诊断性能的影响,并与基于BP神经网络和SVM的诊断方法进行了对比。实验结果表明,文中提出的变压器故障诊断方法性能明显优于BP神经网络,与SVM的诊断正确率相当,需要预先设置的参数更少,训练速度更快,更加便于工程应用。