基于背景纹影技术的长空气间隙放电通道温度场测量

长空气间隙放电发展过程中伴随有介质热电离现象,准确获取温度场有助于深度分析间隙放电特性,背景纹影技术突破了传统纹影技术中透镜组镜面尺寸的限制,可获得大尺寸放电通道的温度分布特性。文中搭建了背景纹影测量系统,采集了放电发展过程中的背景斑点图集,利用PIV粒子图像测速技术分析得到了穿过放电通道的光线偏移量;基于Abel逆变换计算得到了光线偏移量对应的折射率,再根据热力学方程和理想气体状态方程定量重构出密度场和温度场,并以酒精灯火焰为参照物进行了温度校验,分析结果与热电偶实测结果基本一致。以1m棒–板空气间隙为研究对象,通过搭建的背景纹影实体测量系统观测间隙正极性放电发展过程,分析了放电通道温度的时空变化规律,结果表明间隙中部横截面温度分布在1 200 K左右,温度场呈轴对称分布且离通道中心越近温度梯度越大,整个通道温度自棒极而下逐渐降低。     

基于联合块稀疏模型的随机调频步进ISAR成像方法

在回波数据稀疏、低信噪比等不利条件下,利用随机调频步进信号进行ISAR成像时,成像性能将会严重下降。针对上述问题,该文在充分分析随机调频步进信号回波特性的基础上,提出利用目标距离向具有的联合块稀疏特征来获得高质量ISAR图像的新方法。首先,推导了在随机调频步进信号发射波形条件下目标回波信号的联合块稀疏成像模型并分析了该模型特征;其次,提出了联合块稀疏正交匹配追踪稀疏重构算法(JBOMP)实现对模型的求解。该算法利用ISAR回波信号具有的块稀疏以及联合稀疏等先验信息,因此在低量测值、低信噪比条件下的ISAR成像性能得到了增强。所提算法还可以实现对多维信号的联合处理,且具有较快的运算速度。理论分析与仿真实验均验证了所提方法的有效性。     

纳米粉体的分散性研究及在电触头材料制备中的应用

介绍了纳米电触头材料的制备工艺。采用不同的分散方法,如:物理分散法(超声波法、机械分散法)、化学分散法和聚电解质分散,可以获得理想的分散效果。探讨了纳米粉体的分散作用的机制和纳米电触头材料在研究与应用上的优越性以及存在的问题。     

Correlations among the structure and flow characteristics of polyolefin compositions

Hydrocarbon mixtures containing olefins were produced from waste polyethylene, and oils were synthesized from various fractions of these. Various properties of these products are presented including viscosity and pour point.     

Additive-additive and additive-surface interactions in lubrication

Combinations of additives are often found to exhibit antagonistic or synergistic effects compared to the performance of the individual additives. This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning such effects. Direct interactions, where two additives combine at a molecular level, are distinguished from complementary or exclusary effects where the individual contributions of separate additives enhance or reduce overall performance but with no direct interaction. Additive interactions take place in solution and at surfaces, and both are discussed.     

Evaluating thermal and thermooxidation stability for lubricating oils via microscale methods

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) methods have been developed to evaluate the thermal and thermooxidation stability of different lubricating oils. Measurements are carried out either by heating the oil sample at a constant rate (direct programme) or by keeping it at a fixed high temperature (isothermal programme). Oxygen at a constant flow rate is used for thermooxidation measurements. Tested samples included different viscosity grades: neutral base oils, unadditivated lubricating oil blends, and industrial oils. The mechanism of thermal decomposition for ZDDP and the estimation of its optimum concentration was also considered.     

Fracture of ultrafine calcium carbonate/polypropylene composites

The strength and fracture properties of a polypropylene filled with ultrafine calcium carbonate (0.07 μm) have been studied in the composition range of 0 to 40 percent by volume. Untreated and surface treated (with stearic acid and a titanate coupling agent) grades have been considered. The untreated filler caused a decrease of toughness whereas a maximum, at ∼10 percent, was observed for the treated filler. The fracture energy was analyzed in terms of the crack pinning model. Due to the very small size of particles the pinning contribution proved to be negligible.     

Elastomeric matrix-short fibers adhesion

This paper analyzes the effects of the addition of a three-component dry type adhesive system on the properties of composite SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) material containing 20 percent short polyamide (5 mm length and 60 μm diameter). The curing times are extended and green strength is doubled. The replacement of the silica component in the system by a natural silicate is not only feasible, but proves to be favorable for certain properties, such as the storage modulus E′, which becomes less sensitive towards temperature changes. Dynamic property measurements provide evidence of an additional dispersion corresponding to the matrix-fiber interface located around 40 to 50°C, which does not occur in the composites without adhesive. The activation energies of the main relaxation process of these materials are determined, amounting to 175 KJ/mol for the matrix and 250 KJ/mol for adhesive-containing composites, as a consequence of the formation of strong bonds between both phases.     

Preparation and Calcium Complexation of Oxidized Polysaccharides. Part I: Oxidation of Maltodextrins and Starch with Alkaline Sodium Hypochlorite

The oxidation of maltodextrins and starch with aqueous alkaline sodium hypochloride has been studied. At an oxidant level of 3 moles hypochlorite per anhydroglucose unit at pH 8–9, a C2, C3-glycol-cleaved dicarboxy polysaccharide was obtained containing up to 45% ring-opened glucose units. Hydrolysis of the oxidation products yielded (apart from glucose) erythronic and glyoxylic acids, but no glucuronic acid evidencing the absence of C6-oxidation. The average degree of polymerization of the products ranged from 14 to 87 and indicated severe chain degradation during the oxidation. The products were shown to be effective calcium complexing agents and behaved as regular polyelectrolytes with identical complexing sites.