Comparison of human and hamster mitochondrial transfer RNA. Physical properties and methylation status

In a comparative study, the effective of intraventricularly or intraperitoneally injected p-chloroamphetamine (p-CA) and some chloroindoles on cerebral levels of serotonin was evaluated. 5-Chloroindole depressed 5-HT levels in the brainstem and telencephalon for three days, 6-chloro-2-methylindole (6-CMI) only during the first day. 5-Chloroindazole had no effect at all. p-CA was more toxic to guinea pigs than to rats. p-CA and 5-chloro-2-methylindole (5-CMI) had no effect on cerebral 5-HT in chicks. Apparently, none of these compounds represented or was converted to a metabolite possibly responsible for the neurotoxic effects of p-CA.     

The renal medulla and mechanisms of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

A significant number of offspring from brother-sister matings of NIH-Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were found to be normotensive at 20 weeks of age. Over 20% of the animals that were hypertensive at this age had mild-to-moderate unilateral hydronephrosis at the time of sacrifice. In over 90% of the rats that did not develop hypertension spontaneously, ligation of one ureter raised blood pressure above 150 mm Hg within 2 weeks. In those rats made hypertensive by obstructing one ureter and in those that developed hypertension with accompanying naturally occurring hydronephrosis, subcutaneous implants of fragmented renal medulla from unrelated normal rats decreased blood pressure to normotensive levels. In contrast, medullary implants had no significant effect in rats developing hypertension spontaneously without hydronephrosis. Renal inner medullary plasma flow was low in the obstructed kidneys of hydronephrotic hypertensive SHRs but was elevated in the kidneys of nonhydronephrotic hypertensive SHRs. The hypertension in hydronephrotic SHRs appears to be related to an impairment of the antihypertensive function of the renal medulla. Such an impairment of medullary antihypertensive function does not appear to play a significant role in the hypertension in SHRs without hydronephrosis.     

Relative importance of growth hormone and sex steroids for the growth at puberty of trunk length, limb length, and muscle width in growth hormone-deficient children

We have followed the growth of stature, sitting height, skinfolds, muscle widths measured radiologically, and skeletal maturity in growth hormone-deficient patients in whom hGH was given and withheld in alternating three-month periods throughout puberty (referred to as "off-hGH" and "on-hGH" periods). Six boys and four girls had true isolated GH deficiency and developed puberty spontaneously. Two boys had gonadotrophin deficiency plus GH deficiency, and five boys had multiple deficiencies; in these boys the signs of puberty were induced by hormone treatment. Boys with true isolated deficiency grew about two-thirds as much in height in the off-hGH periods as in the on-hGH periods; their total gain in height during the adolescent spurt would have been about 20 cm, instead of 30 cm, if hGH had been discontinued at the beginning of puberty. The effect of hGH was entirely on growth in leg-length, however, which virtually ceased during the off-hGH periods. Growth in sitting height altered little when hGH was withdrawn. Growth in limb muscles, however, was GH dependent throughout puberty; during the majority of periods when hGH was withheld, muscle was actually lost; this occurred in the boys who were receiving large doses of testosterone as well as in those producing their own normal amounts. Subcutaneous fat diminished when hGH was given and increased when it was withdrawn; this occurred independently of administration of testosterone. There was little evidence that growth of pubic and axillary hair progressed faster during on-hGH periods, except perhaps in patients with multiple deficiencies. There was some evidence, however, that bone age progressed less rapidly during on-hGH periods than during off-hGH periods in the patients with isolated deficiency. The results in the girls agreed with those in boys so far as stature was concerned, but the relationship with sitting height and leg length appeared to be different; the reasons for this are discussed. We conclude that all children with GH deficiency should continue on treatment with hGH throughout puberty, ideally until growth ceases.     

Nondisjunction in aging female mice

Oocytes from CBA mice varying in age from 2 to 11 months were cultured to the metaphase II stage of meiosis and the chromosomes analyzed. The oocytes from three maternal age groups were compared with respect to the mean number of oocytes obtained per mouse, the frequency of maturation to metaphase II, and the frequency of numerical chromosomes abnormalities. Both the mean number of oocytes obtained per mouse and the frequency of maturation decreased markedly with maternal age. The frequency of chromosome abnormalities in the oocytes increased with maternal age from the young to the middle-aged mice but dropped off in the oldest maternal age group. No hyperploid (n + 1) oocytes were observed in the young or old group of mice, but 5.2% hyperploidy occurred in the middle-aged group. It is suggested that the lack of hyperploid oocytes in the old CBA females might be due to a threshold effect in which oocytes that are damaged by the number of univalents present at metaphase I become atretic and do not progress to metaphase II. The frequency of diploid (2n) oocytes was 1.7% and was not maternal-age dependent.     

Dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with mitral valve prolapse: a clue to pathogenesis

Fingerprints were obtained from 100 patients with mitral valve prolapse and compared with those of 100 control subjects matched for sex and race. Arches were found in 16.8 percent of all digital patterns in patients with mitral valve prolapse but in only 2.5 percent of all digits in the control group. Whereas no patient in the control group had four or more arches, 19 percent of patients with mitral valve prolapse had this finding. In addition, arches were found on 16 and 9 percent, respectively, of digits IV and V in patients with mitral valve prolapse but were not found on these digits in the control group. The finding of four or more arches or arches on digits IV or V may be important supportive evidence of mitral valve prolapse when evaluating patients with atypical chest pain and palpitations. Antenatal factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse since it is possible that a genetic or environmental factor that interferes with the development of the mitral valve may also influence epidermal ridge patterns.     

外源质粒DNA对小鼠肝脏基因表达谱的影响

研究了外源质粒DNA经胃肠道吸收可能对肝脏产生的作用机制。给Balb／c小鼠灌胃质粒pcDNA3 200μg，在灌胃后4h分离肝脏，提取肝脏的总RNA。利用寡核苷酸芯片对灌胃质粒pcDNA3后的Balb／c小鼠肝脏进行基因表达谱研究。结果发现17664个基因中，表达上调100条，表达下调41条。按基因功能分类，表达上调的基因可分为免疫应答基因、转录因子基因、信号转导基因、转运相关基因及代谢相关基因等；表达下调的基因主要为脂质代谢基因。灌胃外源质粒DNA后，肝脏组织主要表现为急性时相反应的加强、免疫反应的活化、细胞信号通路的活化以及脂质代谢途径的抑制。表明外源质粒DNA通过胃肠道途径可广泛调控肝脏的基因表达。     

精梳涤纶条含量对涤纶针织物性能的影响

为开发高品质涤纶针织物,设计了6组不同精梳涤纶条含量的纯涤纶纱和1组普梳涤纶纱,并制备相应的针织物。通过对针织物抗起毛起球性、顶破性、织物风格及透气透湿性进行测试,同时对比分析不同含量精梳涤纶条对织物服用性能的影响。结果表明:精梳涤纶条含量对织物的透湿性、透气性、起毛起球性、顶破性及织物风格有直接影响;相同组织结构下,精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时针织物的透湿性能、顶破性能及织物风格指标最优;精梳涤纶条含量在100%时针织物的透气性能和起毛起球性能最优;精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时织物服用性能与全精梳织物服用性能相比差异不大。在实际生产中,采用不同含量精梳涤纶条进行生产,既能满足高质量要求,又能节约成本,提高效率。     

鱼胶原蛋白肽对高脂膳食小鼠肝脏脂肪代谢和氧化还原状态的影响

目的：研究鱼胶原蛋白肽（fish collagen peptides,FCPs）对高脂膳食（high-fat diet,HFD）小鼠肝脏脂肪代谢和氧化还原状态的影响。方法：54?只C57BL/6雄性小鼠按体质量随机分为正常膳食组（CON）、HFD组（HF）和FCPs干预HFD组（PHF）。每周记录各组小鼠体质量,并按体质量把每组小鼠随机均分为两批,分别在第11和22周宰杀,测定采食量、脂肪表观消化率;肝脏中甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇和游离脂肪酸（free fatty acid,FFA）含量;肝脏脂代谢相关基因乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1、脂肪酸合成酶、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c、胆固醇7α-羟化酶（cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1,CYP7A1）、过氧化物激活受体α（peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α,PPARα）和肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶1（carnitine palmity1 transferase 1,CPT1）的mRNA表达水平,肝脏氧化还原状态相关指标活性氧自由基（reactive oxygen species,ROS）、丙二醛、总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathion peroxidase,GSH-Px）活力和还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽的水平。结果：第22周时,与HF组相比,PHF组小鼠的采食量、脂肪和能量摄入显著增加（P＜0.05）,肝脏的TG、FFA、脂肪空泡和脂肪浸润面积比明显降低（P＜0.05）,脂肪分解关键基因CYP7A1、PPARα和CPT1的mRNA表达水平显著上调（P＜0.05）,肝脏的ROS水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,T-AOC水平和GSH-Px活力显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论：质量分数1% FCPs干预可能通过改善HFD小鼠肝脏氧化还原状态,促进肝脏脂肪分解代谢,起到减少小鼠肝脏脂肪蓄积和改善脂代谢。     

蛋氨酸限制对高脂饮食小鼠肠道氧化还原状态、炎症和菌群的影响

目的：研究饮食蛋氨酸限制对高脂饮食小鼠肠道氧化还原状态、炎症和菌群的影响。方法：将27 只SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3 组,分别为正常饮食组（C：0.86%（质量分数,下同）蛋氨酸、4%猪油）、高脂饮食组（HM：0.86%蛋氨酸、20%猪油）、高脂蛋氨酸限制组（LM：0.17%蛋氨酸、20%猪油）,每周测定小鼠体质量,12 周实验结束后处死小鼠,并取血液、回肠、盲肠和结肠样品,测定血浆胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）和LPS结合蛋白（LPS-binding protein,LBP）的含量;测定回肠和结肠组织中氧化应激相关指标;用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应测定回肠炎症基因肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）mRNA的表达水平;提取盲肠内容物DNA,用限制性末端酶切的方法分析小鼠盲肠内容物中菌群的变化;提取结肠内容物DNA,用高通量测序分析小鼠结肠内容物中菌群的变化。结果：与HM组相比,LM组小鼠体质量、血浆TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著降低（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）,HDL-C水平极显著增加（P＜0.01）;回肠总抗氧化能力和还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽（glutathione/oxidizided glutathione,GSH/GSSG）的比值显著增加（P＜0.05）;结肠GSH/GSSG比值显著增加（P＜0.05）,丙二醛含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;血浆LPS和LBP水平显著降低（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;回肠TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA的表达水平显著下调（P＜0.05）;盲肠菌群Shannon-Weiner指数与均匀度指数显著上升（P＜0.05）,结肠菌群中双歧杆菌和颤螺杆菌丰度显著增加（P＜0.05）。结论：饮食蛋氨酸限制具有显著改善高脂饮食小鼠肠道组织氧化还原状态、炎症反应和菌群结构的作用。     

模拟移动床技术在糖类分离制备中的应用

简述模拟移动床技术的发展和在糖类分离中的应用现状,着重介绍模拟移动床技术在分离单糖和糖醇、以及寡糖中的应用。与传统的制备色谱技术相比,模拟移动床采用连续操作手段,具有易于自动化操作,制备效率高,制备量大等特点,在糖醇工业上具有良好的发展前景。