Nano-LC-MS/MS of glycopeptides produced by nonspecific proteolysis enables rapid and extensive site-specific glycosylation determination

Given the biological importance of glycosylation on proteins, the identification of protein glycosylation sites is integral to understanding broader biological structure and function. Unfortunately, the determination of the microheterogeneity at the site of glycosylation still remains a significant challenge. Nanoflow liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry provides both separation of glycopeptides and the ability to determine glycan composition and site-specific glycosylation. However, because of the size of glycopeptides, they are not often amenable to tandem MS. In this work, proteins are digested with multiple proteases to produce glycopeptides that are of suitable size for tandem MS analysis. The conditions for collision-induced dissociation are optimized to obtain diagnostic ions that maximize glycan and peptide information. The method is applied to glycoproteins with contrasting glycans and multiple sites of glycosylation and identifies multiple glycan compositions at each individual glycosylation site. This method provides an important improvement in the routine determination of glycan microheterogeneity by mass spectrometry.     

Group decision making: How you frame the question determines what you find.

Though not arguing against the practical value of group decision making per se, R. S. Tindale and J. R. Larson (see record 1992-19783-001) used data from computer simulations and an 8-group replication study as a basis for questioning the validity of the findings reported by the present authors (see record 1990-04483-001). The authors show that Tindale and Larson's application of computer simulations is suspect, that the replication-study data is so limited that its significance is questionable, that its operational definition of an assembly bonus effect is restrictive to the point that it has little meaning in real-world settings, and that claims with respect to the performance of ad hoc laboratory groups are inflated and misleading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Process and outcome research in the treatment of adult victims of childhood sexual abuse: Methodological issues.

Distinguishes between process and outcome research, describes areas within process and outcome research that would be applicable to studying adult survivors of sexual abuse, and identifies methodological issues in these research areas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of prior events on cognitive judgments in amnesia.

Amnesic patients and control Ss read the names of famous and nonfamous persons. Subsequently, both groups were more likely to designate a name as famous if it had been encountered previously. The facilitatory effect of prior presentation was similar for amnesic patients and control Ss and similar for famous and nonfamous names. For amnesic patients, the effect occurred despite severely impaired recognition memory for the names. In a 2nd experiment, recombining the first and last names that had been presented together did not diminish the facilitatory effect of prior presentation, which indicates that the effect does not depend on forming an association between first and last names. The results show that nondeclarative (implicit) memory can support the acquisition of information that is specific (e.g., names of persons) and that has no preexisting representation (e.g., nonfamous names). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Enhancing a sense of agency through career planning.

Tested the effectiveness of a program for parents to help their adolescent sons and daughters develop a greater sense of agency regarding a career. In a pretest–posttest control group design involving 39 families in the experimental group and 25 families in a wait-listed control group, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measures was used to test improvement on 6 variables concerned with career and a sense of agency. The MANOVA yielded a significant effect for groups over time. ANOVA with repeated measures showed that 4 of 6 univariate tests were also significant. Through career planning with a parent, adolescents in Grade 12 showed a greater career certainty, less indecision, more career salience, and stronger ego identity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cross-modal matching performance in amnesia.

A recent neuropsychological study of patients with postencephalitic amnesia raised the possibility that limbic regions within the medial temporal lobe might be important for forming cross-modal associations. The present study evaluated cross-modal matching in amnesic patients with damage to the hippocampal formation or the diencephalon. The patients with hippocampal formation damage were fully intact at cross-modal matching (both tactile to visual and visual to tactile). Two additional (non-Korsakoff's) patients with diencephalic amnesia also performed normally at cross-modal matching. Finally, patients with Korsakoff's syndrome did not exhibit a cross-modal deficit, but they did perform poorly in some task conditions, specifically, when a stimulus examined tactually had to be matched to a visual stimulus. The results indicate that severe memory impairment can occur without affecting cross-modal performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Attributions of familiarity in amnesia: Evidence from a fame judgment task.

To evaluate the extent to which amnesic patients can attribute the source of familiarity to its correct source during a fame judgment task, gains in familiarity were placed in opposition to conscious recollection. In the 1st experiment, patients and controls were told specifically that nonfamous names presented just prior to a fame judgment task were not famous; in the 2nd experiment they were told that nonfamous names were in fact famous. Although such instructions produced dramatically different results in the fame judgment performance of normal control Ss, minimal change in attribution of fame occurred for the amnesic Ss. It is concluded that the amnesic Ss were unable to attribute the familiarity of a previously presented name to its correct source because of their inability to recollect a name's prior presentation. Hence, it may be the nature of the memory query rather than the adequacy of a specific memory system that determines whether or not an amnesic patient can access information in memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Matching the therapist's interpersonal stance to clients' characteristics: Contributions from systematic eclectic psychotherapy.

Briefly describes the systematic eclectic psychotherapy approach by outlining its 4 levels of analysis and decisions: predisposing client variables, treatment contexts, relationship variables, and specific techniques. Within this model, the therapeutic stance is seen not as a static quality representing a theoretical model but as an integral part of a general plan of intervention tailored to a specific client, based on his/her motivational arousal, coping style, and reactance potential. The therapeutic stance comprehends the therapist's degree of effectiveness, formality, and self disclosure, the focus on behavioral or conscious levels, and the emphasis on symptoms or conflicts. A case illustration is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The influence of belief systems on subjects' perceptions of empathy, warmth, and genuineness.

Investigated the relationship between 174 female and 96 male undergraduates' (aged 14–45 yrs) belief systems, gender, and perceptions of a Rogerian counseling session. Belief systems were assessed using a belief system test, after which Ss watched, by means of a sound video recording, a 30-min counseling intervention by C. R. Rogers. Ss rated the counselor using the Relationship Inventory, a client satisfaction scale, and 5 questions composed by the authors. Ss' beliefs influenced their perceptions of therapeutic variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)