Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - The microstructure and texture of 7075-T6 FSW weld with optimal parameters are investigated using optical microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction and... 相似文献
In this publication a new synthesis approach of polyethersulfone containing sulfonimide groups (SI-PES), by chemical modification of sulfonated polyethersulfone (S-PES), was developed. The synthesis protocol was optimized in order to turn all the sulfonic function into sulfonimide. The effect of replacing arylsulfonic acid function with a more acidic one, i.e. aryl trifluoromethanesulfonimide, was evaluated through thermal, dynamic mechanical analysis, water uptake and conductivity. For similar ionic exchange capacity (IEC), i.e. 1.8 H+/dm3, at 60 °C and 95% relative humidity, the conductivity of SI-PSF is 9.5 mS/cm while that of S-PSF is only 3.5 mS/cm. However, at 60 °C the water uptake is 3 times higher for SI-PSF membranes as compare with S-PSF. An important change is observed in the slope of the conductivity and water uptake plots of SI-PES membranes, at different temperatures, depending of IEC. This could be explained by an important change in membrane morphology. 相似文献
Predicting distributed application performance is a constant challenge to researchers, with an increased difficulty when heterogeneous systems are involved. Research conducted so far is limited by application type, programming language, or targeted system. The employed models become too complex and prediction cost increases significantly. We propose dPerf, a new performance prediction tool. In dPerf, we extended existing methods from the frameworks Rose and SimGrid. New methods have also been proposed and implemented such that dPerf would perform (i) static code analysis and (ii) trace-based simulation. Based on these two phases, dPerf predicts the performance of C, C++ and Fortran applications communicating using MPI or P2PSAP. Neither one of the used frameworks was developed explicitly for performance prediction, making dPerf a novel tool. dPerf accuracy is validated by a sequential Laplace code and a parallel NAS benchmark. For a low prediction cost and a high gain, dPerf yields accurate results. 相似文献
Despite the imminent commercial introduction of Li‐ion batteries in electric drive vehicles and their proposed use as enablers of smart grids based on renewable energy technologies, an intensive quest for new electrode materials that bring about improvements in energy density, cycle life, cost, and safety is still underway. This Progress Report highlights the recent developments and the future prospects of the use of phases that react through conversion reactions as both positive and negative electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries. By moving beyond classical intercalation reactions, a variety of low cost compounds with gravimetric specific capacities that are two‐to‐five times larger than those attained with currently used materials, such as graphite and LiCoO2, can be achieved. Nonetheless, several factors currently handicap the applicability of electrode materials entailing conversion reactions. These factors, together with the scientific breakthroughs that are necessary to fully assess the practicality of this concept, are reviewed in this report. 相似文献
The solvent‐ and ligand‐free [2+2+2] ruthenium‐promoted cycloaddition of α,ω‐diynes and alkynes provides a facile and efficient strategy for the synthesis of substituted benzene‐derived systems. The search for the optimal reaction conditions revealed the unprecedented catalytic activity of ruthenium trichloride for benzannulation reactions and this atom‐economical process allowed the synthesis of fused arenes including dihydrobenzofurans, isoindolines, indanes in good to high yields. This practical protocol also gave rise to the preparation of pentasubstituted aromatic derivatives and was applied to the one‐gram scale synthesis of a functionalized heterocycle.
Supercritical carbon dioxide readily induced foaming of various polymers. In that context, supercritical CO2 was applied to carbon nanotubes based polycarbonate nanocomposites to ensure their foaming. Surprisingly, efficient foaming only occurs when low pressure is applied while at high pressure, no expansion of the samples was observed. This is related to the ability of supercritical carbon dioxide to induce crystallization of amorphous polycarbonate. Moreover, this behaviour is amplified by the presence of carbon nanotubes that act as nucleating agents for crystals birth. The thermal behaviour of the composites was analysed by DSC and DMA and was related to the foaming observations. The uniformity of the cellular structure was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By saturating the polycarbonate nanocomposites reinforced with 1 wt% of MWNTs at 100 bar and 100 °C during 16 h, microcellular foams were generated, with a density of 0.62, a cell size ranging from 0.6 to 4 μm, and a cellular density of 4.1 × 1011 cells cm−3. The high ability of these polymeric foams to absorb electromagnetic radiation was demonstrated at low MWNT content as the result of the high affinity of the polycarbonate matrix for MWNTs, and therefore to the good MWNTs dispersion. 相似文献
The electrochemical stability of Pt deposited on mesoporous carbon, which was either applied in its unmodified state or coated with 20 wt% TiO2, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in N2 purged 0.5 M sulfuric acid. XRD analysis revealed that TiO2 was present in the anatase phase. The mean Pt particle diameter was ∼6 and ∼4 nm for mesoporous carbon with and without TiO2, respectively. Pt supported on TiO2 modified substrates was more stable than Pt supported on conventional mesoporous carbon when subjected to 1000 cycles in the potential range from 0.05 to 1.25 V vs. RHE. This was evident from the observation that the support with TiO2 retained ∼53% of the electrochemically active surface area relative to the state observed after 100 cycles, whereas ∼33% of the active area remained in the case without TiO2. The oxygen reduction mass activity was identical for both fresh samples (i.e., ). After 1000 cycles the mass activity decreased to for the case without TiO2, whereas with TiO2 the deactivation was minor; i.e., the mass activity after 1000 cycles was . 相似文献