On the combination of heat pump with solar steam turbine

In this paper we present thermodynamic analysis of the heat pump with solar steam and gas turbines.     

Si(hhm) surfaces: Templates for developing nanostructures

Semiconductors - The fabrication of ordered low-dimensional structures on clean and metal-atom-decorated stepped Si(557) and Si(556) surfaces is discussed. The formation conditions and atomic...     

Application of methods of digital spectral estimation in the measurement of the parameters of a signal

The application of methods of digital spectral estimation in virtual measuring instruments for measurement of the parameters of signals is considered.     

Photo-thermo-refractive glass co-doped with Nd as a new laser medium

Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass demonstrates refractive index change after exposure to UV radiation followed by a thermal treatment that enables recording of high efficiency holographic optical elements. This work demonstrates feasibility of function of this material as a complex optical medium which posseses both photosensitive and luminescent properties and paves a way for creation of monolythic solid state lasers where resonator components can be holographically recorded inside of a laser medium. It was found, that incorporating of Nd³⁺ ions in PTR glass does not affect photosensitivity required for hologram recording. It was demonstrated that emission wavelength, spectral width, and cross section of Nd³⁺ luminescence in PTR glass are typical for silicate laser glasses and Nd-doped PTR glass can be considered as a promising laser medium for monolithic solid state lasers.     

Comparison of chlorophyll a concentration detected by remote sensors and other chlorophyll indices in inhomogeneous turbid waters

A new analytical approach for retrieval of the vertically weighted chlorophyll a concentration (Chl(rs)) detected by remote sensors is presented. Model calculations were carried out for the turbid waters of Lake Kinneret, Israel, and showed that Chl(rs) may be replaced by the average chlorophyll a concentration (Chl(p)) within the upper "penetration layer" 0-Z(p). The study also showed a high correlation between Chl(rs) and Chl concentration averaged in the other depth layers, namely, the 0-1 m layer, the euphotic layer (0-Z(e)), and the production layer (0-Z(pr)). Our findings are closely related to models developed for the world ocean, with the exception of periods when the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense blooms in the lake. We showed the effect of the pattern of vertical Chl distributions within the penetration layer on the difference between Chl(rs) and other Chl indices was conspicuous when the Chl maximum was in the uppermost 0- m layer of the water column. We assume that the presented approaches are instrumental for further development of optimal, locally adapted algorithms for remote sensing of Chl in any type of natural waters.     

Updated safety analysis of ITER

An updated version of the ITER Preliminary Safety Report has been produced and submitted to the licensing authorities. It is revised and expanded in response to requests from the authorities after their review of an earlier version in 2008, to reflect enhancements in ITER safety provisions through design changes, to incorporate new and improved safety analyses and to take into account other ITER design evolution. The updated analyses show that changes to the Tokamak cooling water system design have enhanced confinement and reduced potential radiological releases as well as removing decay heat with very high reliability. New and updated accident scenario analyses, together with fire and explosion risk analyses, have shown that design provisions are sufficient to minimize the likelihood of accidents and reduce potential consequences to a very low level. Taken together, the improvements provided a stronger demonstration of the very good safety performance of the ITER design.     

Neutrophils Mediate Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis In Situ

Pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening condition, which can result in respiratory insufficiency and death. Blood clots occluding branches of the pulmonary artery (PA) are traditionally considered to originate from thrombi in deep veins (usually in legs). However, growing evidence suggests that occlusion of the vessels in the lungs can develop without preceding deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this work, we used an inferior vena cava (IVC) complete ligation model of DVT in Wistar rats to explore the possibility and mechanisms of PA thrombosis under the conditions where all routes of thrombotic mass migration from peripheral veins are blocked. We demonstrate that rats both with normal and reduced neutrophil counts developed thrombi in the IVC, although, neutropenia caused a substantial decrease in thrombus size and a shift from fresh fibrin toward mature fibrin and connective tissue inside the thrombus. Massive fibrin deposition was found in the PA branches in the majority of DVT rats with normal neutrophil counts, but in none of the neutropenic animals. Neutrophil ablation also abolished macroscopic signs of lung damage. Altogether, the results demonstrate that thrombi in the lung vasculature can form in situ by mechanisms that require local neutrophil recruitment taking place in the DVT setting.     

Polymerization characteristics of a dye of anthraquinone

A technical dye of the anthraquinone type was analyzed by GPC, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Along with the polymerizable component, N-[4-amino-3-methoxyanthraquinonyl-(1)] methacrylamide (I), it contained a saturated admixture, N-[4-amino-3-methoxyanthraquinonyl-(1)]-2-chloro-2-methylpropionamide (II). The homopolymerization of I was carried out, and admixture II was isolated and characterized. The copolymerization of the dye with styrene and methyl methacrylate was verified, and the retardation effect of II on the polymerization of these monomers was evaluated.     

An extended Krylov subspace method to simulate single-phase fluid flow phenomena in axisymmetric and anisotropic porous media

We develop and validate a novel numerical algorithm for the simulation of axisymmetric single-phase fluid flow phenomena in porous and permeable media. In this new algorithm, the two-dimensional parabolic partial differential equation for fluid flow is transformed into an explicit finite-difference operator problem. The latter is solved by making use of an extended Krylov subspace method (EKSM) constructed with both positive and inverse powers of the finite-difference operator. A significant advantage of the method of solution presented in this paper is that simulations of pressure can be obtained at a multitude of times with practically the same efficiency as that of a single-time simulation. Moreover, the usage of inverse powers of the finite-difference operator provides a substantial increase in efficiency with respect to that of standard Krylov subspace methods. Tests of numerical performance with respect to analytical solutions for point and line sources validate the accuracy of the developed method of solution. We also validate the algorithm by making comparisons between analytical and numerical solutions in the Laplace transform domain. Additional tests of accuracy and efficiency are performed against a commercial simulator for spatially complex and anisotropic models of permeable media.     

如何选择平锻机

平锻机用于长杆类锻件局部多工位成形,可完成镦粗、冲孔、切边、镦挤、切断、弯曲等工作(图1)。平锻机一般有垂直分模式平锻机和水平模式平锻机两种。锻模分模方式给平锻机结构带来了明显的差别。垂直分模式平锻机在最近30～40年虽结构上变化不大,但耐用性逐步提高,表现在其自身的刚性、工艺适应性及能耗指标均有改善;水平分模式平锻机则相比之下仍处于研制和完善过程之中。1两种平锻机的比较(1)垂直分模式平锻机该类平锻机可靠性高,使用寿命长,工作区域操作方便,锻模更换容易,氧化皮易于从工作区域清理,提高了锻模的寿命。但该类平锻机难于…