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101.
Out-of-plane microlenses and microoptical fiber holder are two of the most important components for building an integrated
microoptic system with a precise alignment accuracy. In this paper, a simple and convenient method to fabricate these components
from SU-8 by using inclined UV lithography in water is proposed. It consists of two perpendicular exposures in SU-8 at ±45°.
DI water possesses a low absorption coefficient and a moderate and stable value of refractive index in near UV. Using water,
the exposure angle in SU-8 can be increased to 50° from 35° in air necessary to pattern the desired 45° slope of the sidewalls.
The principle of the proposed technique and the detailed fabrication process of the microoptic components will be presented.
The integratability of the fabricated components was demonstrated by the fabrication of the microoptical fiber holder with
a pre-aligned out-of-plane microlens. 相似文献
102.
103.
Skim and whole milk powders were manufactured at lab scale by spray freeze drying (SFD), using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The polydispersity of droplet/particle sizes was limited using an encapsulator nozzle to atomize the feed. Particle morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Samples were compared with equivalent spray-dried powders in tests of wettability and dissolution in water. The spray freeze-dried powders were found to be highly porous, with a uniform structure of pores throughout the entire particles. When tested in water, SFD skim milk powders wetted roughly three times as fast as industrially spray-dried agglomerated skim milk powders and were observed to dissolve rapidly by breaking down into smaller particles. 相似文献
104.
Local residence time,residence revolution,and residence volume distributions in twin‐screw extruders
Xian‐Ming Zhang Lian‐Fang Feng Sandrine Hoppe Guo‐Hua Hu 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2008,48(1):19-28
This work was aimed at studying the overall, partial, and local residence time distributions (RTD); overall, partial and local residence revolution distributions (RRD) and overall, partial and local residence volume distributions (RVD) in a co‐rotating twin screw extruder, on the one hand; and establishing the relationships among them, on the other hand. Emphasis was placed on the effects of the type and geometry of mixing elements (a gear block and various types of kneading elements differing in staggering angle) and process parameters on the RTD, RRD and RVD. The overall and partial RTD were directly measured in‐line during the extrusion process and the local ones were calculated by deconvolution based on a statistical theory. The local RTD allowed comparing the mixing performance of mixing elements. Also it was confirmed both experimentally and theoretically that specific throughput, defined as a ratio of throughput (Q) over screw speed (N), controlled all the above three types of residence distributions, be they local, partial or overall. The RRD and RVD do not provide more information on an extrusion process than the corresponding RTD. Rather they are different ways of representing the same phenomena. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:19–28, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
105.
106.
本文通过分析筼筜湖的自然概况、防汛排涝系统设施及实际运行等资料,提出进一步提高筼筜湖防汛排涝能力的对策。 相似文献
107.
Calculations and detailed first principle and thermodynamic analyses have been performed to understand the formation mechanism of K2Ti6O13 nanowires (NWs) by a hydrothermal reaction between bulk Na2Ti3O7 crystals and a KOH solution. It is found that direct ion exchange between K+ and Na+ plus H+ interactions with [TiO6] octahedra in Na2Ti3O7 promote the formation of an intermediate H2K2Ti6O14 phase. The large lattice mismatch between this intermediate phase and the bulk Na2Ti3O7 structure, and the large energy reduction associated with the formation of this intermediate phase, drive the splitting of the bulk crystal into H2K2Ti6O14 NWs. However, these NWs are not stable because of large [TiO6] octahedra distortion and are subject to a dehydration process, which results in uniform K2Ti6O13 NWs with narrowly distributed diameters of around 10 nm. 相似文献
108.
Tian Xiao Qing Huo Liu 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2008,56(3):765-773
In this paper, we present an enlarged cell technique (ECT) to avoid the time step reduction encountered in the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) method due to small irregular cells truncated by metallic boundaries. We focus our efforts on the discussion of the accuracy and stability of the ECT and its comparison with other conformal methods, especially the one called the uniformly stable conformal (USC) method. We also provide a simplified ECT, which is much easier to implement. In the ECT, a stability criterion is first constructed to identify instable irregular cells, i.e., those having so small an area to cause instability. Those instable cells are then enlarged into their adjacent cells to obtain a large, stable area. Careful treatment is performed on the communication between the intruding and intruded cells in terms of electromotive force by keeping the total electromotive force conservative. This technique is verified by several 3-D numerical experiments. Results show that the ECT is second-order accurate and numerically stable at the regular Courant time step limit. 相似文献
109.
Preparation and Properties of Rare Earth Modified Carbon Black/Natural Rubber Composites 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Lin Yaling Xiao Kongqing Zhang Anqiang Wang Lianshi 《中国稀土学报(英文版)》2005,23(6):720-720
The oxides Eu, Ho, Er and Dy were used to prepare the hydroxides of rare earth modified carbon black. Then natural rubber latex (NRL) was added into the reactor. The system reacted at 85 ℃ with stirring for 1 h to prepare powdered HAF-Ln(OH)3/NR composites. The effects of the kind and content of Ln on the particle size distribution of P [ NR/HAF-Ln (OH)3 ] and mechanical properties of its vulcanizate were studied respectively. It is found that rare earth can help to get the powder of the composite, the product particle with a diameter less than 0.9mm will be get when the composites containing the compound of Ho, Er and Dy with dosage of 1.0, 1.0, O. 5 percent, respectively. The adding of Ln can improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the vulcanizate effectively, what's more, Er and Dy can decrease the permanent set of vulcanizate significantly. The SEM studies shows that P[ NR/HAF-Dy (OH)3 ] vulcanizate shows superior mechanical properties that depend primarily on the absence of free carbon black, the fine dispersion of carbon black in the rubber matrix and better polymer-filler interaction. 相似文献
110.