Comparison of the Chemical Components,Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Chrysanthemum morifolium Flower and Its Wild Relative Chrysanthemum indicum Flower against Liver-Fire Hyperactivity Syndrome of Hypertension via Integrative Analyses

To clarify the differences in the clinical application scope of Chrysanthemum morifolium flower (CMF) and Chrysanthemum indicum flower (CIF), two herbs of similar origin, an integrated strategy of network pharmacology, molecular pharmacology, and metabolomics was employed, with a view to investigating the commonalities and dissimilarities in chemical components, efficacy and mechanisms of action. Initial HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that CMF and CIF had different flavonoid constituents. The biological processes underlying the therapeutic effects of CMF and CIF on liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome of hypertension (LFHSH) were predicted to be related to inflammatory response, fatty acid production, and other pathways based on network pharmacology analysis. ELISA, molecular docking, Western blot, and metabolomics techniques showed similar effects of CMF and CIF in lowering blood pressure, resistance to tissue, organ and functional damage, and dyslipidemia. However, distinct effects were found in the regulation of inflammatory response, PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways, lipid anabolism, renin-angiotensin system, and metabolic abnormalities. The comparable efficacies of CMF and CIF, despite having distinct mechanisms of action, may be attributed to the integration and counteraction of their different regulating capabilities on the above anti-LFHSH mechanisms. This study offers a vital platform for assessment of differential and precise applications of herbs of close origin with similar but slightly different medicinal properties, and provides a research strategy for bridging Chinese medicine and modern precision medicine.     

From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems: A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction

The central nervous system (CNS) controls and regulates the functional activities of the organ systems and maintains the unity between the body and the external environment. The advent of co-culture systems has made it possible to elucidate the interactions between neural cells in vitro and to reproduce complex neural circuits. Here, we classified the co-culture system as a two-dimensional (2D) co-culture system, a cell-based three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system, a tissue slice-based 3D co-culture system, an organoid-based 3D co-culture system, and a microfluidic platform-based 3D co-culture system. We provide an overview of these different co-culture models and their applications in the study of neural cell interaction. The application of co-culture systems in virus-infected CNS disease models is also discussed here. Finally, the direction of the co-culture system in future research is prospected.     

Characterization of Two-Component System CitB Family in Salmonella Pullorum

Salmonella enterica, serovar Gallinarum, biovar Pullorum, is an avian-specific pathogen which has caused considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Two-component systems (TCSs) play an essential role in obtaining nutrients, detecting the presence of neighboring bacteria and regulating the expression of virulence factors. The genome analysis of S. Pullorum strain S06004 suggesting the carriage of 22 pairs of TCSs, which belong to five families named CitB, OmpR, NarL, Chemotaxis and LuxR. In the CitB family, three pairs of TCSs, namely CitA-CitB, DcuS-DcuR and DpiB-DpiA, remain unaddressed in S. Pullorum. To systematically investigate the function of the CitB family in S. Pullorum, four mutants, ΔcitAB (abbreviated as Δcit), ΔdcuSR (Δdcu), ΔdpiBA (Δdpi) and ΔcitABΔdcuSRΔdpiBA (Δ3), were made using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results demonstrated that the CitB family did not affect the growth of bacteria, the results of biochemical tests, invasion and proliferation in chicken macrophage HD-11 cells and the expression of fimbrial protein. But the mutants showed thicker biofilm formation, higher resistance to antimicrobial agents, enhanced tolerance to inhibition by egg albumen and increased virulence in chicken embryos. Moreover, the deletion of Dpi TCS was detrimental to survival after exposure to hyperosmotic and oxidative environments, as well as the long-term colonization of the small intestine of chickens. Collectively, we provided new knowledge regarding the possible role of the CitB family involved in the pathogenic processes of S. Pullorum.     

Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Autophosphorylation Residues of Arabidopsis Senescence Associated Receptor-like Kinase

Reversible protein phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases plays important roles in the regulation of leaf senescence. We previously reported that the senescence-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase AtSARK autophosphorylates on both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues and functions as a positive regulator of Arabidopsis leaf senescence; the senescence-suppressed protein phosphatase SSPP interacts with and dephosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of AtSARK, thereby negatively regulating leaf senescence. Here, 27 autophosphorylation residues of AtSARK were revealed by mass spectrometry analysis, and six of them, including two Ser, two Thr, and two Tyr residues, were further found to be important for the biological functions of AtSARK. All site-directed mutations of these six residues that resulted in decreased autophosphorylation level of AtSARK could significantly inhibit AtSARK-induced leaf senescence. In addition, mutations mimicking the dephosphorylation form of Ser384 (S384A) or the phosphorylation form of Tyr413 (Y413E) substantially reduced the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP. All results suggest that autophosphorylation of AtSARK is essential for its functions in promoting leaf senescence. The possible roles of S384 and Y413 residues in fine-tuning the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP are discussed herein.     

乌镇古镇滨水建筑外部空间研究

外部空间元素通过一定的组织手法有规律地形成了乌镇古镇的外部空间结构。使用建筑设计中的平面关系图和剖立面图来解析外部空间结构,从而清晰、明确体现这种外部空间结构,并总结出乌镇古镇外部空间的平面关系和剖立面关系的特点以及与西塘、南浔古镇的异同。     

铁矾渣中有价金属的微生物矿化-浮选回收可能性和前景

由于矿物逐渐被开采,优质矿物资源日益短缺,“贫、细、杂” 矿物的选别回收亟待解决,人们对选矿技术的要求越来越高。一些特殊的微生物本身或者其代谢物可以将矿物中的离子溶解出来,或者改变矿物的表面性质,并且,与传统选矿药剂和浸出剂相比,微生物具有成本较低,对后续环境污染小的优势,因此,微生物浮选和微生物冶金技术得到了快速的发展。本文介绍了国内外对微生物浸出、氧化、分解和微生物在矿物表面的吸附、化学反应及微生物细胞表面化学等方面的研究进展。     

服务于地铁施工的三维地质模型快速构建方法

本文介绍适合城市轨道交通工程施工单位的地铁工程三维地质模型快速建立方法,基于AECOsim Building Designer软件平台,利用地质剖面图,通过插入控制点,拟合地质界面,链接地质属性,最终建立三维地质模型。建模简便,数据来源于施工方日常使用数据,能满足施工方日常生产使用。实现三维地质可视化和查询数据的效果,从而使现场技术人员和管理人员更加真实、直观地认识各种地质结构,辅助解决各类地质施工问题。     

GC-MS法同时测定氯化石蜡等含卤素类增塑剂的研究

米面及其制品中可能非法加入含卤素类增塑剂,目前鲜见检测方法的报道。本文应用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）同时检测氯化石蜡等9种含卤素类增塑剂。优化条件为:采用HP-5MS色谱柱;进样口温度280℃;载气1.2mL/min;色谱-质谱接口温度270℃;采用程序升温,起始柱温35℃,保留1min,以10℃/min升温至220℃,再以20℃/min升温至300℃,保留5min。该方法条件下,目标物质检测限在0.01μg/L¹5mg/L,峰面积标准偏差均≤0.061,保留时间标准偏差均≤0.007,分离效果较好。      

不同年份白茶的主要生化成分分析

研究了不同年份白茶的主要生化成分含量。结果表明:白茶在储存过程中,较短年限时,茶叶中茶多酚、咖啡碱、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖含量降低幅度比较小,变化不大,但储藏时间较长时,均呈下降趋势;白茶中儿茶素组分均以表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)和表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)为主,含量较高,茶叶陈放两年后,儿茶素总量下降的速度显著,陈20年白茶儿茶素组分及其总量含量极少;陈年白茶黄酮含量均比当年白茶的黄酮含量高,陈20年白茶黄酮含量极显著高于其它年份的白茶。