Alkydic resin wastewaters treatment by fenton and photo-Fenton processes

Advanced oxidation processes are an emerging option to treatment of the painting industry effluents. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and phenolic compounds removal from wastewaters generated during alkydic resins manufacture. The optimized treatment conditions are the following: pH 3.0, 15.15x10(-3)molL(-1) FeSO(4) and 0.30molL(-1) H(2)O(2) for a reaction time of 6h. photo-Fenton experiments were carried out in the presence of sunlight or artificial radiation and complementary additions of H(2)O(2) were made for all experiments. The best results were obtained with photo-Fenton process assisted with solar radiation, with reductions of 99.5 and 99.1% of COD and TOC levels, respectively. Fenton and photo-Fenton (with artificial irradiation) processes presented lower but not insignificant removals, within 60-80% reduction for both COD and TOC. In addition, an excellent removal (95%) of total phenols was obtained using photo-Fenton process assisted with artificial irradiation. This study demonstrated that the use of photo-Fenton process on alkydic resins wastewater treatment is very promising especially when solar light is used.     

Highly porous 45S5 bioglass-derived glass–ceramic scaffolds by gelcasting of foams

Several types of alloplastic (artificial) grafts, known as scaffolds, have been developed for the treatment of bone defects caused by trauma and/or infection. Among the materials used to manufacture scaffolds, 45S5 Bioglass is a bioceramic that arouses significant interest due to ease preparation and excellent bioactive response. Among the various processing methods cited in the literature for the production of bioactive glass scaffolds, gelcasting is a method that produces macroporous structures, with interconnected and spherical pores and high mechanical strength. However, in the literature there are few reports about bioactive glass scaffolds produced by gelcasting method. In this work, 45S5-BG scaffolds were produced by gelcasting of foams varying the amount of foaming agent in order to optimize the desirable characteristics of the scaffold. The scaffolds show porosity between 70 and 86% and compressive strength of 1.22?±?0.7 and 0.78?±?0.4 MPa. In the biological studies, all 45S5-BG scaffolds showed cytocompatibility towards human osteoblastic cells and bioactive properties using SBF assay.     

Effects of filgrastim on granulopoietic cells of mice pretreated with methotrexate.

We have evaluated the effect of filgrastim on proliferation and differentiation activity of granulopoietic cells in mice pretreated with methotrexate. Filgrastim was injected daily, from day 8 to 28 after cytotoxic agent administration. The granulopoiesis changes were measured by assessment of GM-CFU cells content, marrow and spleen granuloid cells pool as well as circulating neutrophils. In MTX pretreated mice, bone marrow GM-CFU oscillating values were higher than normal values, but these changes were not followed by high proliferative activity in granuloid precursor cell compartment. After MTX treatment, filgrastim administration was unable to stimulate marrow granulopoiesis as observed in normal mice. In the spleen, MTX led to dramatic changes in the proliferative activity of GM-CFU cells, but did not result in spleen granuloid cell changes. However, filgrastim treatment induced a spleen granuloid amplification, similar to the changes observed in circulating neutrophils values. We suggest that these findings can be explained by inhibition of differentiation of marrow GM-CFU cells into the more mature granulopoietic cells and/or by an inhibited proliferative activity of marrow granuloid cells. They can be also explained in terms of an unfavorable marrow microenvironment for granulopoiesis, contrary to a supportive spleen microenvironment.     

Dual temperamental risk factors for psychopathic personality: Evidence from self-report and skin conductance.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder consisting of dysfunctional affective interpersonal features (Factor 1) and impulsive-antisocial behavior (Factor 2) that exhibit differential associations with palmar skin conductance (SC) reactivity. The goal of this study was to determine whether the distinct SC reactivity observed in incarcerated psychopaths generalizes to university students who score high on personality dimensions hypothesized to be the risk factors for these psychopathy factors. Lilienfeld's Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) was used to compute scores on 2 factor-analytically derived dimensions that have been the focus of recent research in psychopathy. PPI-1 is hypothesized to relate to the low-fear temperamental risk factor, whereas PPI-2 is hypothesized to relate to regulatory dysfunction. SC reactivity was measured during tasks previously used in studies of diagnosed psychopaths. Results indicated that PPI-1 was associated with reduced SC during anticipation of an aversive noise and PPI-2 was associated with enhanced SC reactivity during presentation of a speech about one's faults. Additional analyses explored an 8-factor solution of the PPI and 3 temperament dimensions derived from factor analysis of several personality measures. Together, the SC results suggest that the Factor 1 pathway, best captured with refined assessments of behavioral fearlessness, related to reduced SC reactivity to an aversive noise—consistent with a weak defense system. The Factor 2 pathway, best captured by higher order dimensions reflecting externalizing, disinhibited forms of negative temperament, related to enhanced SC reactivity to a speech stressor—consistent with high stress reactivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Equivalent Constraints for Two-View Geometry: Pose Solution/Pure Rotation Identification and 3D Reconstruction

International Journal of Computer Vision - Two-view relative pose estimation and structure reconstruction is a classical problem in computer vision. The typical methods usually employ the singular...     

凝固过程数值模拟的可视化研究

将凝固模拟迭代计算的数值结果以可视化的方式表现出来,让画面真实直观,让显示透彻动感,这是直接关系到凝固模拟技术实用效果的至关重要的环节 。介绍凝固模拟图形像表实意方式设计和动态演示中的一些思路和技术要点。     

17β-Estradiol Increases Liver and Serum Docosahexaenoic Acid in Mice Fed Varying Levels of α-Linolenic Acid

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is considered to be important for cardiac and brain function, and 17β-estradiol (E2) appears to increase the conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) into DHA. However, the effect of varying ALA intake on the positive effect of E2 on DHA synthesis is not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of E2 supplementation on tissue and serum fatty acids in mice fed a low-ALA corn oil-based diet (CO, providing 0.6 % fatty acids as ALA) or a high ALA flaxseed meal-based diet (FS, providing 11.2 % ALA). Ovariectomized mice were implanted with a slow-release E2 pellet at 3 weeks of age and half the mice had the pellet removed at 7 weeks of age. Mice were then randomized onto either the CO or FS diet. After 4 weeks, the DHA concentration was measured in serum, liver and brain. A significant main effect of E2 was found for liver and serum DHA, corresponding to 25 and 15 % higher DHA in livers of CO and FS rats, respectively, and 19 and 13 % in serum of CO and FS rats, respectively, compared to unsupplemented mice. There was no effect of E2 on brain DHA. E2 results in higher DHA in serum and liver, at both levels of dietary ALA investigated presently, suggesting that higher ALA intake may result in higher DHA in individuals with higher E2 status.     

Floc settling characteristics of turbid water coagulated with moringa oleifera seeds

The results of studies into the particle aggregations and settling rates of flocs from turbid water (kaolin suspension) with turbidities varying from 50 to 550 NTU coagulated with Moringa oleifera seeds are presented. The results of the laboratory based study showed that the maximum value of the “apparent aggregation rate”, K _app,increased with increase in initial turbidity. K _app was found to be 0.000778 for low turbidity (50 NTU) and 0.00654 for high turbidity (550 NTU). The velocity gradient for rapid mix at the maximum K _app was found to be constant at 443/sec for all turbidities. Settling rate of floc coagulated with Moringa oleifera seed was dependent on the initial turbidity of the water sample. For water with initial turbidity of 50 NTU, 30% to 70% turbidity was removed between 60 and 210 minutes, while for high turbidity of 400 to 550 NTU, 80% to 95% turbidity removal occurred between 60 and 150 minutes.     

Monomer-to-water ratios as a tool in controlling emulsion copolymer composition: The methyl acrylate–indene system

A drifting copolymer composition as a function of conversion is an aspect typical of copolymerization. Reducing this so-called composition drift in batch copolymerizations will lead to a decrease in chemical heterogeneity of the copolymers formed. For monomer systems in which the more water-soluble monomer is also the more reactive one, theory predicts that composition drift in emulsion copolymerization can be reduced or even minimized by optimizing the monomer-to-water ratio. The monomer combination methyl acrylate–indene (MA–Ind) meets the requirements needed to minimize composition drift in batch emulsion copolymerization. Therefore, this monomer combination is chosen as a model monomer system in order to verify this theoretical prediction. Reactivity ratios needed for model predictions have been determined by low conversion bulk polymerization, resulting in r_MA = 0.92 ± 0.16 and r_Ind = 0.086 ± 0.025. Furthermore, emulsion copolymerization reactions at the same monomer mole fraction are performed at different monomer to water ratios. From the good agreement between experiments and theoretical predictions for MA–Ind, it was concluded that control and even minimization of composition drift in batch emulsion copolymerization for monomer systems in which the more water-soluble monomer is also the more reactive one is indeed possible by changing the initial monomer-to-water ratio of the reaction mixture provided that the reactivity ratios of both monomers are not too far from unity. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Sugarcane cell wall structure and lignin distribution investigated by confocal and electron microscopy

Lignocellulosic plant cell wall is considered a potential source for second generation biofuels. The plant cell wall is a highly complex structure mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin that form a network of crosslinked fibers. The structural organization of the sugarcane cell wall has not been previously analyzed in detail, and this analysis is a prerequisite for further studies on the recalcitrance and deconstruction of its biomass. In this work, cellulose and lignin localization were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, the internode sugarcane cell wall structural organization was analyzed by electron microscopy. Internode stem anatomy showed a typical monocot structure consisting of epidermis, hypoderm, and vascular bundles scattered throughout ground parenchyma tissue and surrounded by sclerenchyma fibers. Confocal images of safranin labeled sugarcane showed that lignin distribution was predominant in the vessel elements, cell wall corners (CC), and middle lamella (ML), while cellulose‐rich cell walls were randomly distributed in the ML and organized in the other cell wall layers. KMnO₄ cytochemistry revealed that lignin was predominantly distributed in secondary cell walls, ML and CC. Cell wall sublayers (S1, S2, and S3) were identified and measured by transmission electron microscopy. Our results provide insights that may help further understanding of sugarcane cell wall organization, which is crucial for the research and technology of plant‐based biofuel production. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:829–834, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.