球铁塑性变形中石墨球变形行为的观察与分析

用光镜和电镜对球铁不同变形条件下石墨球的变形形貌进行观察和分析,揭示了石墨球的变形行为和影响因素。     

Interfacial reaction between cubic boron nitride and Ti during active brazing

Thermodynamic and reaction process analyses were performed to understand the joining characteristic during high temperature brazing between cubic boron nitride (CBN) grit and a silver-base filler alloy containing Ti as an active element. Experimental information on the microstructure of the brazed joint, the composition of the interface, and the shape of the compounds formed on the surface of the grit was obtained by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray, and x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that Ti in the molten filler alloy facilitated good wetting between the solid CBN crystals and braze filler alloy. The transition layer formed by the interaction of TiN and TiB₂ was one of the key factors in joining the CBN and steel substrate.     

喷射成形7075铝合金欠时效回归再时效热处理

采用透射电镜、拉伸测试等方法,研究欠时效回归再时效处理对喷射成形7075铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并与单级峰值时效和常规回归再时效处理相比较。结果表明,采用120℃×12h欠时效预处理比120℃×24h峰值时效预处理更有利于在回归处理后合金晶内析出相的回溶,回归处理过程可使合金晶界析出相充分断开,再时效后晶内的析出相细小弥散,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为776和723MPa,均高于T6峰值时效和常规回归再时效水平。     

含铝节镍型奥氏体耐热钢(AFA钢)的热变形行为与热加工图

为了预测含铝节镍型奥氏体耐热钢(AFA钢)的热变形行为,利用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对AFA钢进行了温度950～1150℃、应变速率0.01～10 s^-1、真应变为0.51～1.2的高温热压缩试验,构建了本构方程,并建立了热加工图。结果表明,在同一应变速率下,随着变形温度的升高,AFA钢的流变应力逐渐降低,在同一变形温度下,随着应变速率的增加,流变应力随之增加。在真应变为0.69(变形量为50%)下,预测应力与实际应力的线性相关系数R²为0.998 53,随着应变的增加,材料的失稳区域先减小后增大,集中于低温区;高效率区域变大,且高效率区域集中于变形温度为1100～1150℃、应变速率为0.01～0.1 s^-1之间,说明AFA钢适合在高温低应变速率的情况下进行热加工。     

回火温度对30Cr3Si2NiMoWNb钢组织性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、能谱分析和力学试验等研究了回火温度对30Cr3Si2NiMoWNb超高强度钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,回火温度变化可实现对力学性能的大幅度调控。200~350 ℃回火,微观组织为回火马氏体与细小弥散的ε-碳化物,此阶段强韧性变化幅度较小,抗拉强度等级1700 MPa、屈服强度等级1300 MPa;350~500 ℃回火由于渗碳体的不均匀析出,强度和韧性同时下降,其中500 ℃左右回火脆性最为严重,冲击吸收能量下降至最低点;500~700 ℃回火生成较稳定的球状渗碳体,强度大幅下降,韧性大幅上升。回火温度对强韧性的影响机理为ε-碳化物、渗碳体等析出相演变过程的影响;一定含量的Si元素可以提高渗碳体形成温度和回火脆性温度。     

Effects of Cr interlayer on mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coating

Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were deposited on SUS 304 substrate by a hybrid coating system. A Cr interlayer was introduced between Cr-Al-Si-N coating and SUS 304 substrate to improve the coating adherence. The effects of Cr interlayer on the microhardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior of Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the microhardness of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings gradually deceases with increasing thickness of Cr interlayers. The adhesion between Cr-Al-Si-N and SUS 304 substrate is improved by addition of the Cr interlayers. A peak critical load of ~50 N is observed for the coating containing Cr interlayer of 60 nm as compared ~ 20 N for the coating without Cr interlayer. The thicker Cr interlayers result in reduced critical load values. Moreover, the wear resistance of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings is greatly enhanced by introducing the Cr interlayer with thickness of 60 nm in spite of the decreased microhardness. The friction coefficient of the coating system is also moderately reduced.     

A study of the Zn-Rich corner of the Zn-Fe-Sn system

The Zn-rich corner of the 450 °C isothermal section of the Zn-Fe-Sn system was experimentally determined. Within the composition range explored in this study, the liquid phase was found in equilibrium with the ternary extensions of three binary Zn-Fe phases, the ζ, δ, and Γ₁ phases. The ζ phase contains practically no Sn in solid solution; Sn solubility limits in the δ and Γ₁ phases were 2.2 at.% and 7.0 at.%, respectively. The only Fe-Sn compound detected in this study was FeSn, which co-existed with the Γ₁ phase. When its Sn content was lower than approximately 26 at.%, the liquid solidified in water quenching as a degenerated eutectic consisting of a mixture of η-Zn and β-Sn co-existing with primary ζ crystallites. When its Sn content exceeded approximately 70 at.%, the liquid transformed into metallic glass containing mostly Sn, Zn, and a small amount of Fe upon water quenching from 450 °C.     

低温回火对Cu-18A1-10Mn(at%)合金形状记忆性能的影响

利用电阻法、光学显微观察和X射线衍射等方法研究了低温回火对Cu-18Al-10Mn(a%)合金形状记忆性能的影响.结果表明:合金在淬火态伪弹性占支配地位,随回火温度升高伪弹性逐渐减弱而形状记忆效应占支配地位.其原因是低温回火使得过饱和淬火空位浓度降低、对母相的钉扎作用减弱、有利于母相向马氏体相转变所致.     

行波磁场发生器上磁场分布及其熔体充型特征

利用ANSYS软件，计算了行波磁场发生器上方的磁场变化规律，并与试验检测结果进行了对比，两者结果吻合较好。发现了与行波磁场极距相关的临界熔体长度现象，当熔体长度小于临界长度时，行波磁场对熔体的运动不产生影响，该临界长度与极距有关。金属熔体在行波磁场铸造充型过程中受到6个力的作用，这6个力共同作用的结果使熔体充型过程中速度的变化存在加速、匀速、减速的变化规律，解释了与此相对应的铸造缺陷如冷隔、浇不足等形成的原因，并提出了两种改变磁场分布的方法。ANSYS计算结果表明，用这两种方法可以实现递减分布的磁场。     

多元复合化学镀层构造理论及其应用

提出了多元复合化学镀层的微观构成原理,揭示了复合化学镀层的微观结构与宏观性能的关系,分析了影响镀层微观结构的主要因素如分散相颗粒的尺寸、搅拌方式、镀液中分散相粒子的含量等,为多元复合化学镀的配方和工艺设计提供了重要的理论依据.