Al-B4C复合材料中子吸收性能研究

利用蒙特卡罗方法和~(252)Cf中子源研究了在准直热中子入射束下,15%~30%(质量分数)碳化硼含量的Al-B_4C复合材料的中子吸收系数和宏观截面。结果表明,Al-B_4C复合材料的中子吸收系数随碳化硼含量增加而增大,相同碳化硼含量的材料其中子吸收系数随厚度的增加按指数规律变化;~(252)Cf中子源测试得到的中子吸收系数比0.0253eV单能热中子计算得到的吸收系数低0.5%~4.3%;Al-B_4C复合材料的宏观截面随着碳化硼含量的增加呈线性递增的关系,而且理想热中子0.0253eV下的递增率(0.97925cm~(-1)/%)大于~(252)Cf中子源构建0~1eV中子下的递增率(0.58537cm~(-1)/%)。     

高效能空气净化器评价技术要求国家标准研究

本文论述了编制高效能空气净化器产品评价技术要求国家标准的意义和作用,介绍了标准研制的总体思路和原则,高效能空气净化器的定性和定量评价指标要求,测试、计算和评价方法等,通过国标的研制与实施,将引领并促进高效能空气净化器产品的生产与应用.     

微生物螯合剂的合成及其条件优化研究

螯合剂被广泛应用在造纸、印染、食品等行业,化学螯合剂的不稳定性和毒性会对环境和人类产生危害,因此寻找一种绿色环保的新型螯合剂极为重要。利用微生物菌株WJ-3发酵合成铁载体螯合剂,采用单因子法,在摇床培养条件下,分别研究了不同的碳源、氮源、培养温度、摇床转速以及初始培养基的pH值,对菌株生长以及微生物螯合剂铁载体合成率的影响。研究发现:菌株WJ-3在固体和液体培养基中均能合成铁载体,在碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为酵母浸粉、温度为30℃、转速为180 r/min以及初始培养基pH值为7.0的发酵条件下,培养48 h后微生物产生的铁载体螯合剂的合成率可达64.12%;优化后的合成条件更加有利于微生物铁载体的合成。     

机械双盘天平横梁不等臂的原因,检测以及新方法调修

本文通过天平横梁不等臂的介绍,分析了机械双盘天平横梁不等臂的原因及它的检测与计算方法,以及新方法的调修。     

ZIF‐8/ZIF‐67‐Derived Co‐Nx‐Embedded 1D Porous Carbon Nanofibers with Graphitic Carbon‐Encased Co Nanoparticles as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst

Herein, an approach is reported for fabrication of Co‐N_x‐embedded 1D porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with graphitic carbon‐encased Co nanoparticles originated from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which is further explored as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical results reveal that the electrocatalyst prepared by pyrolysis at 1000 °C (CoNC‐CNF‐1000) exhibits excellent catalytic activity toward ORR that favors the four‐electron ORR process and outstanding long‐term stability with 86% current retention after 40 000 s. Meanwhile, it also shows superior electrocatalytic activity toward OER, reaching a lower potential of 1.68 V at 10 mA cm^?2 and a potential gap of 0.88 V between the OER potential (at 10 mA cm^?2) and the ORR half‐wave potential. The ORR and OER performance of CoNC‐CNF‐1000 have outperformed commercial Pt/C and most nonprecious‐metal catalysts reported to date. The remarkable ORR and OER catalytic performance can be mainly attributable to the unique 1D structure, such as higher graphitization degree beneficial for electronic mobility, hierarchical porosity facilitating the mass transport, and highly dispersed CoN_xC active sites functionalized carbon framework. This strategy will shed light on the development of other MOF‐based carbon nanofibers for energy storage and electrochemical devices.     

Ultrathin 2D Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets: Preparation and Application in Photocatalysis

Synthesizing ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework nanosheets in high yields has received increasing research interest but remains a great challenge. In this work, ultrathin zirconium‐porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets with thickness down to ≈1.5 nm are synthesized through a pseudoassembly–disassembly strategy. Owing to the their unique properties originating from their ultrathin thickness and highly exposed active sites, the as‐prepared ultrathin nanosheets exhibit far superior photocatalysis performance compared to the corresponding bulk MOF. This work highlights new opportunities in designing ultrathin MOF nanosheets and paves the way to expand the potential applications of MOFs.     

Emergence of photoluminescence on bulk MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> by laser thinning and gold particle decoration

We demonstrate a facile and effective approach to significantly improve the photoluminescence of bulk MoS₂ via laser thinning followed by gold particle decoration. Upon laser thinning of exfoliated bulk MoS₂, photoluminescence emerges from the laser-thinned region. After further treatment with an AuCl₃ solution, gold particles self-assemble on the laser-thinned region and thick edges, further increasing the fluorescence of bulk MoS₂ 28 times and the Raman response 3 times. Such fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to both surface plasmon resonance and p-type doping induced by gold particles. The combination of laser thinning and AuCl₃ treatment enables the functionalization of bulk MoS₂ for optoelectronic applications. It can also provide a viable strategy for mask-free and area-selective p-type doping on single MoS₂ flakes.

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一类具有时滞和非线性发生率的SIRS传染病模型稳定性与Hopf分岔分析

研究了一类具有时滞及非线性特性发生率的SIRS传染病模型,首先利用特征值理论分析了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的局部稳定性;并以时滞τ作为分岔参数,分析了模型的Hopf分岔行为,运用中心流形定理和规范型理论给出了分岔方向及分岔周期解稳定性的计算公式;最后,数值模拟验证了理论分析结果.     

新一代B/S结构DCS火电控制系统设计与实现

传统的C/S结构DCS火电控制系统设计方法,上位机与服务器通信中,服务器需要与多个操作员站通信,造成负荷过高;为解决这一问题,以和利时第五代DCS为基础,设计新一代基于B/S模式的DCS数据监控系统,以点对点模式完成通信;新一代系统中,服务器相对于每个操作员站都是独立的,克服当前系统同时通信高负荷的弊端;给出了关键的底层控制站信息采集模块和DP总线信息传递模块的详细设计方案以及相关的软件设计方案,并给出了关键的B/S结构的详细设计方案;实验结果表明,以B/S结构为基础的DCS数据监控系统测量结果误差小,上位机通信的时长不超过1s,服务器冗余重启切换不超过1.2s,优化效果较为明显。