基于双向生成对抗网络的图像超分辨率算法

基于深度学习的图像超分辨率重建算法不能很好地处理现实生活中有多种复杂噪声干扰的低分辨率图片,提出一种双向的生成对抗网络,引入下采样网络及重建网络联合学习的方法.下采样网络模拟生成现实生活中有复杂噪声及受运动干扰的低分辨率图片,重建网络将模拟生成的低分辨率图片恢复为细节清晰的高分辨率图片.实验结果表明,该算法能够重建出视觉效果良好的超分辨率图像,在Set5、DIV2 K等通用测试集上,其客观评价指标(PSNR、SSIM)对比于SRGAN方法分别提高了约0.9 dB,0.25.     

基于LPD-NMF的多模态过程监视

为了提高NMF方法在方差差异明显的多模态过程中的监视效果,提出一种基于LPD-NMF的多模态过程监视方法.对多模态过程训练数据运用局部概率密度(LPD)进行预处理,消除方差差异明显的多模态特性.运用非负矩阵分解算法进行降维和局部特征提取,计算每个低维样本与其k个近邻欧氏距离的平方和,使用核密度估计(KDE)算法来确定控制限进行多模态过程监视.将该方法应用于数值例子和半导体数据,结果表明,其过程监视结果优于常规kNN、WkNN和LPD-kNN方法.     

基于条件Wassertein生成对抗网络的图像生成

生成对抗网络（GAN）能够自动生成目标图像,对相似地块的建筑物排布生成具有重要意义。而目前训练模型的过程中存在生成图像精度不高、模式崩溃、模型训练效率太低的问题。针对这些问题,提出了一种面向图像生成的条件Wassertein生成对抗网络（C-WGAN）模型。首先,该模型需要识别真实样本和目标样本之间特征对应关系,然后,根据所识别出的特征对应关系进行目标样本的生成。模型采用Wassertein距离来度量两个图像特征之间分布的距离,稳定GAN训练环境,规避模型训练过程中的模式崩溃,从而提升生成图像的精度和训练效率。实验结果表明,与原始条件生成对抗网络（CGAN）和pix2pix模型相比,所提模型的峰值信噪比（PSNR）分别最大提升了6.82%和2.19%;在训练轮数相同的情况下,该模型更快达到收敛状态。由此可见,所提模型不仅能够有效地提升图像生成的精度,而且能够提高网络的收敛速度。     

基于问句感知图卷积的教育知识库问答方法

近年来,随着教育信息化的不断深入,海量教育资源和教学数据不断累积,一些教育知识库被提出,这为数据驱动的智慧教育提供了良好的发展条件.基于教育知识库的问答方法能够为学习者提供即时的答疑辅导,进而有效提升学习者的学习兴趣和效率.然而,目前特定于教育领域的知识库问答研究较少,且开放领域的知识库问答方法大多独立地建模问句和候选答案实体,因而建模效果有限.基于此,提出一种基于问句感知图卷积网络的教育知识库问答方法.首先,针对特定问句,提取其中的问句描述信息和查询实体集,并分别通过Transformer和预训练的知识库嵌入进行处理得到两者的表示;其次,根据查询实体集从知识库中抽取候选答案集的子图,并通过双注意力的图卷积神经网络更新节点信息,其中注意力的得分分别利用问句描述信息和查询实体集的表示,进而实现问句感知;最后,融合问句描述信息、查询实体集和候选实体表示来计算得分,并预测答案.在真实数据集MOOC Q&A上进行实验,采用预测准确率和平均倒数排名的指标进行评估,实验结果表明提出的方法优于基准模型.     

Adaptive Memory Event-Triggered Observer-Based Control for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems Under DoS Attacks

This paper investigates the event-triggered security consensus problem for nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks over an undirected graph. A novel adaptive memory observer-based anti-disturbance control scheme is presented to improve the observer accuracy by adding a buffer for the system output measurements. Meanwhile, this control scheme can also provide more reasonable control signals when DoS attacks occur. To save network resources, an adaptive memory event-triggered mechanism (AMETM) is also proposed and Zeno behavior is excluded. It is worth mentioning that the AMETM’s updates do not require global information. Then, the observer and controller gains are obtained by using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. Finally, simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.      

Effect of friction reclaimed materials of waste brake-shoe on basic performance of mortar

Discarded train brake shoes mainly consist of steel-backed friction material. To be better reutilized, its essential features and its interaction in cement-based material need to be studied. Consequently, particle size analysis, SEM, IR and TGA were used to investigate two types of waste brake shoes, i e, mechanical grinding friction reclaimed material of waste brake-shoe (G-FRMWBS) and pyrolysis-friction reclaimed materials of waste brake-shoe (P-FRMWBS). The latter exhibited less organic content, larger range of particle size distribution and smaller medium particle diameter. Both types contained inorganic particles of spherical and irregular shapes, striped with steel fiber. Upon isometric substituting fine aggregates, G-FRMWBS lifted the strength of mortar effectively that was increased by 16.6% and 17.5% when the replacing rate was 5%; the value went up to 19.2% and 19.2% when the replacing rate was 10%. Moreover, inclusion of FRMWBS enhanced the chloride penetration resistance, and optimized the pore characteristic and ITZ (interfacial transition zone) as well.     

Effects of LiAl-layered double hydroxides on early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste

As a 3D micro-nano material, layered double hydroxides have been widely used in many fields, especially for reinforced composite materials. In this paper, LiAl-LDHs was obtained by a hydrothermal method. In order to investigate the effects of LiAl-LDHs on the early hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement paste, compressive strength, setting time and hydration heat were tested while X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scaning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were employed. The results indicated that LiAl-LDHs could significantly improve the early compressive strength and shorten the setting time of calcium sulphoaluminate cement paste with 3wt% concentration. Besides, the hydration exothermic rate within 5 h was accelerated with increasing LiAl-LDHs content. Moreover, the addition of LiAl-LDHs did not result in the formation of a new phase, but increased the quantity of hydration products providing higher compressive strength, shorter setting time and denser microstructure.     

鱼道水沙特性的数值模拟

鱼道是一种重要的生态补偿工程,以往研究的重点主要集中在水力学要素对鱼类通过效果及鱼类适应度的影响方面。针对泥沙在池室中可能造成的水流含沙量增高及淤积面积扩大进而影响过鱼效率和鱼道运行寿命这一关键问题,通过数值模拟方法,对不同泥沙粒径和来流流量组合情况下的池室水流含沙量变化及池底泥沙淤积分布进行了模拟计算,并在此基础上给出了解决上述问题的途径。可为在具有一定含沙特征的河流上建设更为长效的鱼道设施提供数据支撑。     

ECC/钢筋混凝土叠合梁正截面受弯承载力试验与理论研究

为了探究ECC/高强钢筋混凝土叠合梁的正截面受弯特征,以及ECC层厚度对叠合梁整体受弯性能的影响,做了两组共5根梁试件的正截面受弯试验。发现与高强钢筋混凝土梁相比,叠合梁的承载力更高,相同荷载下的挠度值和最大裂缝宽度较小。在受弯全过程中其截面应变仍符合平截面假定,钢筋与ECC也可以实现协调变形,说明受拉区使用ECC可以使得高强钢筋的应力得到充分发挥。但ECC层厚度过大可能会使叠合梁发生脆性破坏。进一步地,在此研究的基础上,对已有ECC的本构模型进行简化,忽略其应力强化贡献,并运用叠加原理,提出一种用于计算ECC/钢筋混凝土叠合梁正截面受弯承载力的方法,将计算结果与试验结果及诸多文献结果进行比较,发现吻合度较高。     

基于WRF的城市热岛效应高分辨率评估方法

为解决城市总规尺度气候评估工具缺乏的问题,分析了不同气候评估方法的特点和应用范围,研究了气象学工具WRF在城市热岛效应评估中的应用方法及有效性。建立了针对城市总规尺度的高精度城市规划信息数据库、气象数据库生成WRF模拟边界的方法;明确了高精度城市热岛效应模拟所需的WRF物理方案。以沿海城市大连夏季典型晴朗高温天气为例,利用WRF模型进行了300 m的高分辨率模拟。结果表明,WRF可以较好地模拟出城市热岛效应的强度和时空变化;将模拟结果与气象站和现场观测值进行了对比,两者变化趋势一致,偏差在可接受的范围之内。