高聚物与微乳液的相互作用

本文研究聚丙烯酰胺和生物聚合物对微乳液的影响。实验结果表明高聚物的加入不影响微乳液的形成。加聚丙烯酰胺,微乳液的相态、增溶参数、中相与下相间的界面张力及中相粘度均无明显变化,加生物聚合物对微孔液的物性影响也不大。     

硝基苯催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚

以 Pt/ γ-Al2 O3 为催化剂研究了硝基苯催化氢化法制对氨基苯酚的反应 ,得到了适宜的工艺条件。以H2 Pt Cl6溶液浸渍 γ-Al2 O3 制备的催化剂在 30 0℃用常压氢气还原 3h,再经噻吩预中毒处理后用于反应。将5 m L硝基苯加于 5 0 m L的 1 0 %硫酸溶液中 ,加质量分数为 0 .4 %的催化剂 ,搅拌速度 30 0 r/ min,在 80～ 90℃下反应 3h,对氨基苯酚的收率可达 86 % ,且催化剂寿命较长     

WCSPH方法模拟三角形底板水跃特性

使用弱可压光滑粒子动力学（weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics,WCSPH）方法,对弗劳德数Fr=1.68～6.08和不同波长与波高(S/t）之比的三角形波状底板上的水流流态、流速云图以及流速矢量图、共轭水深、消能率等水跃特性进行模拟研究。经对比分析：数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好;三角形波状底板表面会产生顺时针漩涡增加能量耗散,提高消能率,其水跃长度比光滑底板的小,且消能效果优于光滑底板。通过分析不同工况的水跃特性,确定了最佳三角形波状底板,其可使共轭水深和相对水跃长度分别降低14.15%和24.83%,而消能率比光滑底板提高48.52%。     

橇装式钻井废水深度连续处理装置及其应用

为解决川渝气区钻井作业过程中废水处理达标难的问题,将化学混凝、絮凝、斜板快速分离、吸附氧化、超滤和反渗透等钻井废水处理技术工艺集成为橇装式一体化处理装置。该橇装式钻井废水深度连续处理装置各处理单元既可单独使用,又可有机结合;既可满足钻井后期高浓度废水处理,又可用于钻井前期低浓度废水处理,具有广泛适用性。装置已成功应用于龙岗10、龙岗29等10口井,共处理钻井废水达2×104 m3。应用效果表明,处理后水中的COD、SS、Oil等污染物指标可达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级标准值。结论认为,该装置的成功应用可提高川渝气区钻井作业废水污染防治水平,确保钻井作业清洁生产,达到节能减排目的,可实现环境效益、社会效益和经济效益的较好统一,也可用于陆上其他油气田钻井废水的处理。     

微生物—土壤联合处理废弃钻井液渣泥技术

针对废弃钻井液渣泥的性质和目前固化处理工艺的弊端,研发了利用微生物—土壤联合处理工艺技术,即根据废弃物干湿程度,按0.3%~0.5%降解菌菌剂与废弃钻井液渣泥充分混合、再加经研磨较细的1.5~2.0倍重量的土壤充分混合均匀,在混合处理物表面覆盖5~15 cm厚的土壤,最后播撒草种、栽种植物。该工艺在丹浅001-8井和莲花000-X8等井现场试验应用结果表明,经3个月的处理,钻井固体废弃物中的主要指标COD、石油类的降解率超过90%,浸出液指标达到国家《污水综合排放标准》一级指标要求;土壤重金属离子浓度没有显著变化,各指标均达到了国家《土壤环境质量标准》(旱地)三级标准;处理混合物所栽种物无有害重金属转移现象。该处理技术不需要添加其他化学处理添加剂,联合处理体系的土壤性质可基本恢复到土壤本底值水平,有效地实现了井场废弃物占用土地的生态修复和再利用,土地资源得到循环利用,符合国家节能环保政策,可实现较好经济、社会和环境效益,是一种符合节能和环境友好的处理方式。     

河道中在建工程抗洪抢险的关键技术措施

2012年3月上旬,峡江水利枢纽工程遭遇历史罕见早汛,超过了其二期枯水围堰设计导流8 620 m3/s的流量标准。 为此,上级要求必须确保该围堰在11 000 m3/s流量范围内安全过洪。武警水电部队在该围堰抢险过程中科学运用“洪水管理削控洪峰流量、工程措施提高抗洪能力”的抗洪抢险策略,采用了拓展河床过流断面、削减控制洪峰流量、围堰加高加固三项关键技术措施,使该围堰成功抵御了10 600 m3/s洪峰和持续50 h大于8 620 m3/s的超标流量,为河道中在建的类似工程的抗洪抢险提供了宝贵经验。     

一种超低插损砷化镓射频开关

报道了利用离子注入技术研制出一种用于手机的超低插损砷化镓单片射频单刀双掷开关。该产品在82 0～ 95 0 MHz下 ,插入损耗≤ 0 .4 d B,回波损耗≥ 1 9.5 d B,反向三阶交调截距点≥ 67d Bm,隔离度≥ 1 5 .5 d B,控制电压为 (0 ,+4 .75 V)     

The Guest Doping Effects of Fe on Bimetallic NiCo Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Theoretical Screening and Experimental Verification

Exploring efficient transition-metal-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is imperative but remain challenging for sustainable energy storage and conversion systems. Foreign species doping is a significant regulation strategy to enhance the intrinsic activity of host matrix. However, the potential relationship of structure-activity caused by guest doping elements is seldom tracked systematically. In this case, both theoretical screening and experimental verification are complementarily employed to investigate the guest doping effects of ten first-row transition metals (Sc∼Zn) on bimetallic NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH). As a result, the optimized Fe-doped NiCo-LDH is identified as the most promising candidate toward alkaline electrocatalytic OER, which exhibits the quasi-industrial current density of 1000 mA cm⁻² at overpotential of 400 mV. Meanwhile, it also shows impressively long-term stability of 500 h at 500 mA cm⁻² with a negligible activity loss. Moreover, in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy unveils the dynamic structure evolution from pre-catalytic state (Fe-NiCo-LDH) to metal oxyhydroxide (Fe-(NiCo)OOH) during the oxidation reaction, and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations are further performed to confirm the thermodynamic stability of activated Fe-(NiCo)OOH phase. This work provides a promising platform for exploring the critical role of transition metal guest doping on host matrix in developing industrially required OER electrocatalysts.     

Facile Synthesis of Medium-Entropy Metal Sulfides as High-Efficiency Electrocatalysts toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent demand to produce clean hydrogen energy. In this study, a series of medium-entropy metal sulfides (MEMS) of (NiFeCoX)₃S₄ (where X = Mn, Cr, Zn) are synthesized by a facile one-pot solvothermal strategy using molecular precursors. Benefiting from the multiple-metal synergistic effect and the low crystallinity, these MEMS show significantly enhanced electrocatalytic OER activity compared with the binary-metal (NiFe)₃S₄ and ternary-metal (NiFeCo)₃S₄ counterparts. Especially, (NiFeCoMn)₃S₄ delivers a low overpotential of 289 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a decent Tafel slope of 75.6 mV dec⁻¹ and robust catalytic stability in alkaline medium, outperforming the costly IrO₂ benchmark electrocatalyst and the majority of the reported metal sulfide-based electrocatalysts until now. These MEMS with facile synthesis and excellent electrocatalytic performance bring a great opportunity to design desirable electrocatalysts for practical application.     

影响热粘合非织造布性能的因素分析

本文通过利用热粘合法的２００ｇ／ｍ＾２非织造布的初中及理论分析，阐述了热熔法的热粘合机理，并利用正交试验就工艺参数的变化对非织造布性能的影响作了分析，探索了厚型功能型热粘合非织造布生产的可能性，并且得出了结论对生产实践具有一定的指导意义。