Temperature coefficient of gas solubility for regular solutions

A semi-empirical method is reported for predicting the temperature coefficient of gas solubility for regular solutions. It appears to be capable of describing the temperature coefficient to an accuracy approaching that of the solubility measurements themselves. The method requires a knowledge of the solvent solubility parameter and critical temperature, as well as at least one solubility (at any temperature) of the gas in the particular solvent. New data for the solubilities of methane in hexane, heptane, octane, dodecane and hexadecane, over the temperature range (where possible) from O°C to 75°C along with a large number of previously published data are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

The determination of the displacement energy in type 316 austenitic steel

The displacement energy E_d in the 110 direction, which is a good approximation to the polycrystalline value in face-centred cubic metals, has been measured in type 316 austenitic steel at high temperatures using a high-voltage electron microscope to both produce and observe loop growth, dislocation flux and void swelling as a function of electron energy. In the loop growth experiments the threshold voltage for displacements was directly measured, in the other methods the normalized results were compared with Oen's calculated cross sections assuming various values of E_d. The latter method assumes that the effect per electron is independent of dose rate, and this has been verified for void-swelling. The results obtained from all the experiments lie in the range E_d = 18 ± 1.5 eV.     

The influence of titanium on the e.s.r. behaviour of Cr3+ in alumina

Electron spin resonance techniques have been used to study the effects of double doping alumina with chromium and titanium. Measurements were made as a function of polar angle on the peak-to-peak derivative linewidths of the three Cr³⁺ transitions at room temperature for a range of samples containing about 0.02% chromium and between zero and 0.024% titanium. Theoretical linewidth variations, calculated from Van Vleck's dipolar broadening theory, were compared with experiment. For crystals singly doped with Cr³⁺ the theory fitted well qualitatively but gave values too great by a factor of seven, in agreement with previous studies. On addition of titanium, marked changes were seen experimentally in the Cr³⁺ linewidth polar plots. These showed a pronounced minimum near θ=55° in complete contrast to the behaviour of singly doped (Cr/Al₂O₃) crystals. This has been attributed to the formation of (Cr-Ti) complexes by some of the titanium ions.     

Masking of spatial and identity information from geometric forms by a visual noise field.

4 groups of 8 college students viewed a tachistoscopic presentation of 4 geometric forms in varying locations followed at variable interval (interstimulus interval; ISI) by a visual noise field. Groups 1 and 2 recalled the identity of the items by verbal report and by pointing to a response card, respectively; Group 3 recalled only the locations of the items, and Group 4 reported items-in-position. Results indicate that (a) more information was recalled as a function of increasing ISI for all groups; (b) within ISI conditions, more spatial information was recalled than identity information; and (c) verbal report of identity information was inferior to reporting by pointing at low ISIs, but superior at high ISIs. Differences between identity and position recall support an hypothesis of separate mechanisms. Implications regarding dual processing and the effect of development on encoding are also discussed. (French summary) (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Egocentrism, empathy, and altruistic behavior in young children.

In a study with 41 children aged 3 yrs 6 mo to 8 yrs 11 mo, Ss who exhibited altruistic behavior in an experimental situation with a peer had significantly higher scores on measures of perspective taking and empathy than did Ss who did not display altruistic behavior. Results suggest that there is a significant cognitive component of altruistic behavior, specifically the ability to understand another's perspective. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of situational stress and sex roles on the attribution of psychological disorders.

Studied the effects of situational stress and sex roles on the attribution of psychopathology using a story format with 288 male and 288 female undergraduate judges. The stories contrasted the combination of different kinds of behavioral disorders (aggression, social withdrawal, somatic complaints, and cognitive dissociation) with varying kinds of situational stress (medical school rejection, interpersonal rejection, and competency pressure). Actors in the stories were alternatively identified as male or female. Judgments of disorder, as reflected by pathology ratings and recommendations for professional help, were strongly influenced by the type of stress condition. Stress conditions had different impact for males and females, in keeping with traditionally defined male and female sex-role orientations. Global prejudice against females was not found in the attributions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adaptive regression, humor, and suicide.

Investigated the relationship between the capacity for adaptive regression, its manifestation in humor, and degree of suicide lethality in a group of 31 female, psychiatric in-patients. Ss were assessed on a clinical rating scale of "adaptive regression in the service of the ego," humor measures derived from O'Connell's Story Test, the Favorite-Joke technique, and a suicide potentiality rating scale. Suicidality and humor were also correlated with measures of ego strength and depression. Results confirm a significant negative relationship between suicidality and both adaptive regression and ego strength, as well as a positive relationship between ego strength and humor. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)