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61.
62.
Flora A. Vega Emma F. Covelo Beatriz Cerqueira María Luisa Andrade 《Journal of hazardous materials》2009,170(2-3):1056-1063
The impact of waste disposal on marsh soils was assessed in topsoil samples collected at eight randomly selected points in the salt marsh in Ramallosa (Pontevedra, Spain) at 4-month intervals for 2 years. Polluted soil samples were characterized in physico-chemical terms and their heavy metal contents determined by comparison with control, unpolluted samples. The results revealed a marked effect of waste discharges on the soils in the area, which have low contents in heavy metals under normal environmental conditions. In fact, the studied soils were found to contain substantial amounts of total and DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Based on the relationship of the redox potential with the DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents of the soils, strongly reductive conditions raised the total contents in these elements by effect of their remaining in the soils as precipitated sulphides. Such contents, however, decreased as oxidative conditions gradually prevailed. The contents in DTPA-extractable metals increased with increasing Eh through the release of the metals in ionic form to the soil solution under oxidative conditions. The contents in heavy metals concentrating in the polluted soils were several times higher than those in the control soils (viz. 2 vs. 6 for Cd, 4 vs. 6 for Cu, 4 vs. 20 for Pb, and 2 vs. 15 for Zn, all in mg kg−1). This can be expected to influence the amounts of available heavy metals present in the soils, and hence the environmental quality of the area, in the near future. Based on its geoaccumulation index (Class ≥3 for Cd and Cu, and 1–4 for Pb and Zn), the Ramallosa marsh is highly polluted with Cd and moderately to highly polluted with Cu, Pb and Zn. The enrichment factors obtained confirm that the salt marsh is highly polluted (especially with Cd) as the primary result of anthropic activity. 相似文献
63.
João M. M. Ferra Adélio M. Mendes Mário Rui N. Costa Luisa H. Carvalho Fernão D. Magalhães 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2010,118(4):1956-1968
Urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins present a swollen colloidal phase dispersed within a continuous water phase containing soluble oligomers. The main goal of the present investigation is to clarify the physical and chemical nature of those two phases and elucidate their impact on the bonding process. Optical and electronic microscopy has provided information on the morphology of the colloidal phase, showing primary particles and particle agglomerates. Mechanisms are suggested for the colloidal stabilization and dilution‐induced flocculation. Three commercial UF resins with different F/U molar ratios were studied using particle size distribution (PSD) analysis. The results showed the influence of the resin's degree of condensation and the aging status on the size of the colloidal structures. Gel permeation chromatography analysis was performed on samples of different resins and of the respective continuous and dispersed phases, separated by centrifugation. The quantified fraction of insoluble molecular aggregates present in the chromatograms was related to the resins synthesis conditions and age. Differential scanning calorimetry and tensile shear strength tests were performed to evaluate the reactivity and adhesive performance of each phase. It is suggested that the colloidal phase acts as a reactive filler at the wood joint interfaces, contributing for the resins bonding performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 相似文献
64.
Michele Leonardi Urszula Skomra Monika Agacka Anna Stochmal Katarzyna E. Ambryszewska Wieslaw Oleszek Guido Flamini Luisa Pistelli 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2013,48(8):1770-1774
Polish cultivars of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) are well known as aroma and bitter raw material in the brewing industry. To characterise four popular Polish hop cultivars, Lubelski (Lublin), Marynka, Sybilla and Iunga (also known as Junga), the essential oil profiles were determined by gas chromatography/flame ionisation detector (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography/chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC‐CIMS) and the alpha/beta acids amounts by high‐performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) analysis. In addition, the multivariate statistical analysis of the volatile profiles was performed. The results obtained evidenced qualitative and quantitative differences between the four cultivars studied and the foreign hops described in the literature. Lubelski and Iunga showed the typical chemical profile of the fine‐aroma and high‐alpha cultivars, respectively. In Marynka and Sybilla, the average amounts of alpha acids were similar to the bitter hops, but with a volatile profile characteristics of the fine‐aroma and aroma cultivars respectively. 相似文献
65.
Sustainable recovery of grape skins for use in an apple beverage with antiglycation properties
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Vera Lavelli Pedapati S.C. Sri Harsha Maria Piochi Luisa Torri 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(1):108-117
An apple puree formulated with red grape skins was developed on pilot scale as a new beverage with antiglycation properties. The addition level of grape skins was selected by a liking test with 70 consumers. The selected formulation was a fibre‐rich source and delivered grape anthocyanins, flavonols and flavanols resulting in ~ twofold higher antiglycation activity than the apple puree. Pasteurisation (3‐D in the target microorganism Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris) did not affect the antiglycation activity, which decreased by 30% upon sterilisation. Storage for 1 month in the temperature range 15–35 °C affected the contents of anthocyanins, monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric flavanols, while chlorogenic acid, flavonols and dihydrochalcones were stable. About 90% antiglycation activity was retained after one‐month storage at 15 °C. The use of red grape skin as ingredient could represent an opportunity for the apple processing industry to develop a value‐added product. 相似文献
66.
Colour assays: An inside look into Alentejo traditional limewash paintings and coloured lime mortars
Milene Gil Jose Aguiar Ana Seruya Rosário Veiga Luisa Carvalho Helena Vargas Jose Mirão Antonio Candeias 《Color research and application》2011,36(1):61-71
A series of colour assays were conducted taking into account old bibliographic recommendations and oral testimony regarding traditional lime painting technology from the Alentejo (South Portugal) region. The main objectives were: (a) the colorimetric analysis of paintings made with different limewash preparation methods; (b) the comparison between natural processed red and yellows ochre pigments (“home made” and from industrial origin) and synthetic iron oxides in different concentrations and lime proportions; (c) the evaluation of the colorimetric CIELAB coordinates during the lime carbonation process in coloured mortars and limewashes. The results shows that the evolution of L*, a*, and b* during the carbonation process is independent of pigment concentration and paint thickness but dependent of pigment composition and finishing technique (lime painting or coloured mortar). They also emphasize the importance of surface appearance attributes and its influence on the colorimetric parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 36, 61–71, 2011 相似文献
67.
Sartori Luisa; Becchio Cristina; Bulgheroni Maria; Castiello Umberto 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,35(5):1490
Four experiments investigated the influence of a sudden social request on the kinematics of a preplanned action. In Experiment 1, participants were requested to grasp an object and then locate it within a container (unperturbed trials). On 20% of trials, a human agent seated nearby the participant unexpectedly stretched out her arm and unfolded her hand as if to ask for the object (perturbed trials). In the remaining 3 experiments, similar procedures were adopted except that (a) the human was replaced by a robotic agent, (b) the gesture performed by the human agent did not imply a social request, and (c) the gaze of the human agent was not available. Only when the perturbation was characterized by a social request involving a human agent were there kinematic changes to the action directed toward the target. Conversely, no effects on kinematics were evident when the perturbation was caused by the robotic agent or by a human agent performing a nonsocial gesture. These findings are discussed in the light of current theories proposed to explain the effects of social context on the control of action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
68.
Marco Giorgetti Mario Berrettoni Maria Luisa Saladino Eugenio Caponetti 《Journal of Materials Science》2009,44(6):1572-1579
Nanopowders of Yttrium Aluminium Garnet doped with neodymium (Nd:YAG) were investigated by X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure
(XAFS) at the Nd LIII edge in the 1.3–20.8% doping range. XANES spectra appear similar in the full range of the Nd concentration. However, a significant
decrease in the white line intensity of XANES is revealed as the quantity of Nd doping ions increases. Plotting the white
line intensity as a function of Nd doping ions reveals two linear trends with two different slopes, identifying a threshold
value where the neodymium concentration reaches 5 at.% This experimental finding provides support for the existence of a double
doping regime in Nd:YAG nanopowders.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
69.
The synthesis and microstructural characterization, by means of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), of the solid solution LaBa(x)Sr(1-x)CuGaO5 (0.1 < or = 5 x < or = 0.9) is reported. Although an average brownmillerite Ima2 structure is proposed for the whole compositional range, SAED and HREM clearly show that structural defects appear as barium content increases. 相似文献
70.
We work with an extension of Resolution, called Res(2), that allows clauses with conjunctions of two literals. In this system there are rules to introduce and eliminate such conjunctions. We prove that the weak pigeonhole principle PHPcnn and random unsatisfiable CNF formulas require exponential-size proofs in this system. This is the strongest system beyond Resolution for which such lower bounds are known. As a consequence to the result about the weak pigeonhole principle, Res(log) is exponentially more powerful than Res(2). Also we prove that Resolution cannot polynomially simulate Res(2) and that Res(2) does not have feasible monotone interpolation solving an open problem posed by Krají
ek. 相似文献