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31.
Olga Guseva Patrik Schmutz Thomas Suter Oliver von Trzebiatowski 《Electrochimica acta》2009,54(19):4514-10532
A mathematical model for simulating a passive aluminium (Al) surface with a pit in which active electrochemical metal dissolution occurs has been developed. The model includes hydrolysis products of Al and the species obtained as a result of homogeneous reactions between chloride and Al3+ ions and Al hydrolysis products. The model does not assume the equilibrium state in solution: all terms in homogeneous reactions are treated explicitly using kinetic constants taken from the literature. The validity of assuming reaction equilibrium has been addressed. Solution potential values and species concentrations are predicted for different dissolution current densities. The acidity in the pit is explained by the hydrolysis of Al3+; an analytical expression for the pH values at the pit bottom for a given dissolution current density is presented.The model is applied to a real capillary geometry used in electrochemical microcell experiments. It was found that for rcap/rpit < 100, where rcap and rpit are the capillary end and pit radii, respectively, the insulating capillary wall affects the species concentrations and the solution potential. Moreover, for rcap/rpit < 20, the shape of the capillary, which might not be cylindrical, should be taken into account. 相似文献
32.
33.
Patrik Fauser Jens Christian Tjell Hans Mosbaek Kim Pilegaard 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2000,18(9):991-1007
A method for identifying and quantifying bitumen particles, generated from the wear of roadway asphalts, in aerosol and soil samples has been developed. Bitumen is found to be the only contributor to airborne particles containing organic molecules with molecular weights larger than 2000 g pr. mol. These are separated and identified using High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HP-GPC) with fluorescence detection. As an additional detection method Infra Red spectrometry (IR) is employed for selected samples, The methods have been used on aerosol, soil and other samples. 相似文献
34.
Alexandre S. Anastcio Amina Aouad Patrik Sellin Jos Domingos Fabris Faïza Bergaya Joseph W. Stucki 《Applied Clay Science》2008,39(3-4):172-179
Engineered barriers for high-level nuclear waste (HLW) consist of excavated repositories in sub-surface rock formations where canisters holding the radionuclide are stored. Clay minerals, particularly the swelling 2:1 types, are used as backfill material, both in the canisters and in the bore hole, in order to prevent radionuclide transport to surrounding groundwater. One of the most important risks that can occur is the corrosion of the canister, which could be coupled with reduction of iron (Fe) in the clay structure. Such changes could greatly decrease the long-term stability of the clay and, consequently, of the barriers themselves. In order to test the potential effects of such redox interactions, an Fe-bearing clay mineral from a commercial source located in the Kutch region, India, was selected for study. This particular mineral is one of the candidate clay minerals to serve as such a barrier material, and is the one with the largest structural Fe content. Results from it should, therefore, provide maximum insight into the potential effects of redox interactions between the barrier and its surroundings. The unaltered clay was characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and variable-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy. The chemically reduced and reoxidized forms of the clay were characterized by variable-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy and chemical analysis. In the unaltered state the clay is comprised of smectite, maghemite, superparamagnetic goethite, and hematite, with a possible trace of kaolinite. In the reduced state the Fe (oxyhydr)oxides were dissolved. Upon reoxidation no six-line pattern was observed, indicating that the Fe remained only in the structure of the silicates. The final structure of the reduced–reoxidized clay contained more defects than the original clay, as revealed by greater quadrupole splitting values for structural Fe(III) in the clay. These findings indicate that upon exposure to natural redox cycles the Kutch clay could undergo permanent changes in its mineralogical composition and clay mineral structure, but further study is required to ascertain the effects that such changes would have on its long-term stability as a barrier material. 相似文献
35.
Nielsen Jacob Obitsø Christiansen Thomas Lundin Pantleon Karen 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2020,51(9):4880-4889
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Fe-C coatings with a high amount of carbon were electrodeposited from an iron-sulfate electrolyte. Citric acid as an additive in the electrolyte not... 相似文献
36.
Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution: Controlled Dewetting–Dealloying to Fabricate Site‐Selective High‐Activity Nanoporous Au Particles on Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays 下载免费PDF全文
37.
Sensors: Detection Beyond Debye's Length with an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor (Adv. Mater. 5/2015) 下载免费PDF全文
38.
V. V. Lundin A. V. Sakharov E. E. Zavarin D. A. Zakgeim A. E. Nikolaev P. N. Brunkov M. A. Yagovkina A. F. Tsatsul’nikov 《Technical Physics Letters》2018,44(7):577-580
AlGaN/AlN/GaN and InAlN/AlN/GaN structures with 2D electron gas have been grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The suppression of the parasitic conductivity of buffer GaN layers was provided either by intentionally raising the density of edge dislocations or by doping with iron (GaN:Fe). It was shown that using GaN buffer layers with a better crystal perfection and more planar surface results in the electron mobility in the 2D channel for carriers becoming 1.2–1.5 times higher. 相似文献
39.
L. Lundin 《Indoor air》1999,9(2):92-102
Abstract The aim of the study was to describe how allergies and non-allergies perceive the same environment. All high school students in a town in southern Sweden were invited to answer a questionnaire concerning allergy, subjective symptoms, annoyance reactions and perception of the environment (response rate: 81%). The results show that only 45% of the students were non-allergic (n = 1,715). Since the symptom frequency among non-allergic students was normal, the schools were classified as healthy. However, compared to the non-allergic students, a higher percentage among the allergies suffered from symptoms every week, a lower percentage was satisfied with the air quality and the cleaning, and a higher percentage was bothered every week by temperature, stuffy/stale air, bad odor, passive smoke, bad lighting, noise, dust and dirt (ANOVA, P < 0.05). The findings could indicate that allergies note discomfort earlier than non-allergies by being more critical in general and especially critical to factors that could effect their health. The findings could also indicate that awareness of ones own sensitivity could lead to attention to different risk factors, which in turn could lead to stress/anxiety, which could make symptoms worse. The conclusion is that it is important to take allergy into consideration when the environment is assessed. 相似文献
40.
The mechanism of ultraviolet laser ablation of GaN epitaxial films is determined: it is found to be based on the dissociation
of GaN molecules to form volatile nitrogen-containing components. The conditions of exposure under which the formation of
gallium nanoclusters on the GaN surface are determined. Regimes of epitaxial growth of GaN are found in which parallel microterraces
form on the surface of the samples. It is found that when samples with microterraces in the as-grown state are irradiated
by high-power ultraviolet radiation, gallium nanowires are formed on the surface. It is proposed to use these phenomena to
develop new UV optical lithographic techniques and to fabricate single-electron devices based on GaN.
Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 25, 13–18 (May 26, 1999) 相似文献