Multispectral image restoration with multisensors

A procedure is advanced to restore a single color image, which has been degraded by a linear shift-invariant blur in the presence of additive stationary noise. Four sensors are needed, followed by the application of the RGB-to-YIQ transformation. Subsequently, one three-dimensional (3D) Wiener filter on a sequence of two luminance component images and two two-dimensional (2D) Wiener filters on each of the two chrominance component images are needed. For the procedure to be successful, the imposition of a strongly coprime condition on the wavenumber response of two distinct sensor blur functions is necessary. The resulting well-conditioned problem is shown to provide improved restoration over the decorrelated component and the independent channel restoration methods, each of which uses one sensor for each of the three primary color components     

Process Development Aspects of Aluminium-Titanium Master Alioys

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Direct Ranking for Voltage Contingency Selection

It is now commonly accepted that for security assessment of a power system, the most efficient and practical strategy is to deal with the problem in two stages. First in contingency selection, those potentially critical contingency cases are ranked by the severity of their impacts on a system. Then in contingency analysis, detailed AC power flows are applied only to the most dangerous cases appearing on top of the ranked list. In the past decade, the problem of ranking outage cases in the order of decreasing severity has attracted a lot of intensive studies, and many efficient and reliable algorithms were developed. But most of these techniques can only be applied to MW limit security problems. On the other hand, voltage problems were also found to be a very important aspect of security assessment. It has become the target of many research projects. Because the MVAR-voltage problem involves a much more complicated model than the MW-angle problem, significant obstacles were experienced in developing ranking algorithms for voltage security monitoring, making it an area where further study is still required. Almost all contingency ranking algorithms employ a scalar performance index to represent a global severity of voltage disturbance after a contingency event. The scalar performance index can be viewed as a weighted distance in voltage space measuring the post contingency voltage profile against specified voltage limits.     

Effect of Zn, Sr, and Y Addition on Electrical Properties of PZT Thin Films

We have investigated methods to increase the efficiency of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs). pMUTs are driven by a thin piezoelectric layer on a Si membrane. The efficiency of pMUTs can be increased using a film with better ferroelectric properties. We have used Zn, Sr, and Y doping on PZT-based thin films along the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition to increase their piezoelectric properties. The results obtained were then extended to compositions on both sides of the MPB. The sol–gel method was used to prepare precursor solutions, which were then spin coated on a Pt(100)/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate to prepare the PZT thin films. It was found that Zn and Sr together had the most significant effect on the ferroelectric properties in which a saturation polarization of 108 μC/cm² and remanent polarization of 54 μC/cm² were achieved.     

Power electronics-a technology review

A comprehensive review of power electronics technology that includes a discussion of power semiconductor devices, topologies of different classes of converters, and some selected applications is given. The modern power semiconductor devices that appeared in the 1980s, i.e., IGBTs, SITs, SITHs, and MCTs, are emphasized. Tables comparing the numerical ratings of the devices are included. Although modern converters are emphasized, phase-controlled converters, which are now very commonly used, are included for completeness. Tables comparing the features of AC-AC converters, particularly for AC drive applications are given. A few selected applications indicate in general the complexity of power electronics systems     

Fast evaluation of an integral occurring in digital filteringapplications

A fast evaluation procedure for the integral I_m,n,p=1/2πj∯_|z|=1H_m,n(z)H _m,n(z^-1)z^p-1dz for arbitrary nonnegative integer-valued m, n, and p, is presented, where H_m,n (z)=Σ_k=0^mb_m,kz^-k /Σ_l=0ⁿa_n,lz^-1,a _n,0≠0 is the transfer function of an arbitrary digital filter. Evaluation of this integral frequently appears in control, communication, and digital filtering. A notable result is the one-term recursion on p, for arbitrary but fixed nonnegative integers m and n. The computational complexity is analyzed, and two illustrative examples demonstrate some of the advantages of this approach     

Stability of digital filters implemented with two's complementtruncation quantization

The stability of digital filters implemented with two's complement truncation quantization is investigated. Both the direct-form and normal-form realizations are considered and regions in the parameter plane are obtained where the filters are globally asymptotically stable. Regions within the stability triangle of a direct-form digital filter are also studied where limit cycles of period one and two are possible. The results are illustrated with several examples     

H2 Energy Estimate of Boundary Controlled Vibrating Hybrid Structure Subject to Uncertain Forces

We study here a model hybrid system consisting of a flexible rectangular space structure such as a solar cell array, hoisted at one end by a movable rigid hub, set to vibration from certain initial conditions, but subject to uncertain disturbing forces distributed along its length. Assuming that the control of vibrations is sought by a damper at the hub end proportional to a general nonlinear function of the velocity of the point, we obtain an H2 energy estimate of vibrations over a time interval [0,T] in terms of initial energy of the system and the time integral of the L2 norm of the disturbance over the length of the panel. From this, estimates of tolerance level of the disturbances are obtained. Both torsional and flexural modes of vibration are considered.